From: Do psychological factors affect outcomes in musculoskeletal shoulder disorders? A systematic review
Author, year | Design | aSetting | Diagnosis | SS n | N (% Femaleb) | Age: mean | Intervention | Treatment duration | Follow-up | Drop-out: % | Outcome variables |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative treatment | |||||||||||
Berk et al. 1977 [33] | RCT | Advertisement recruitment, USA | Shoulder pain due to tendonitis or bursitis | NR | 42 (28%) | 47 | Group 1) Acupuncture - positive milieu, Group 2) Acupuncture - negative milieu, Group 3) Placebo acupuncture - positive milieu, Group 4) Placebo acupuncture - negative milieu | All groups 4 sessions | All groups 1 week after the end of treatment | NR | Subjective pain (VAS) |
Prosp. Cohort | PT clinic England | Shoulder or arm pain aggravated by shoulder movement | 1000 | 1030 (56%) | 57 | Non-specified PT treatment reflecting usual care | NR | 6 weeks and 6 months after initiating PT treatment | 25% | Pain and disability (SPADI, QuickDASH) | |
Ekeberg et al. 2010 [35] | RCT, secondary analysis | Outpatient PT and rehabilitation department, Norway | Patients with a clinical diagnosis of rotator cuff disease included in the RCT | NR | 104 (61%) | 52 | Group 1 systemic corticosteroid injection (gluteal region), group 2 ultrasound guided corticosteroid injection. | 1 injection | 6 weeks | 2% | Pain and disability (SPADI) Global assessment score |
Engebretsen et al. 2010 [36] | RCT, secondary analysis | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic, Norway | Chronic subacromial pain | NR | 104 (50%) | 48 | Group 1) Supervised exercise, Group 2) Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy | Group 1). twice a week for maximum of 12 weeks, Group 2) once a week for 4–6 weeks. | 12 months | 14% | Pain and disability (SPADI) and work status |
Engebretsen et al. 2020 [37] | Prosp. Cohort | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic, Norway | Shoulder pain lasting for ≥6 weeks (2015–2016). | NR | 167 (55%) | 46 | Usual care | Not specified | 6 months | 29% | Main symptoms, disability (SPADI), work status |
Geraets et al. 2005 16 [38] | RCT | GP clinic and advertisement; Netherlands | Chronic shoulder complaints | 132 | 176 (55%) | 52.2 | Group 1) Graded exercise; Group 2) Usual GP care | Group 1) Up to 18 sessions over 12 weeks. Group 2) PRN | 12 weeks | Group 1) 9%; Group 2) 21% | Performance of daily activities (Patient report, and SDQ) |
Karel et al, 2017 [39] | Prosp. Cohort | PT, Netherlands | New episode of shoulder pain | 360 | 389 | 49.9 | PT, not specified | NR | 6.5 Months | 30% | Global perceived effect scale, Pain (NRS), Disability (SPADI) |
Kennedy et al. 2006 [40] | Prosp. Cohort | PTs center, Canada | PTs included 5 clients undergoing treatment for soft tissue shoulder complaints | NR | 361 (54%) | 50 | PT treatment | NR | 12 weeks or end of treatment | NR | Disability (DASH): response patterns |
Kromer et al. 2014 24 [41] | RCT, secondary analysis | PT clinic, Germany | Subacromial pain | 90 (45 per group) | 90 (51%) | 51.8 | Group 1) Exercise; Group 2) Exercise, manual therapy shoulder and cervical spine, and education | Both groups 10 treatments in 5 weeks followed by 7 weeks home exercise | 3 months | 2% | Pain and disability (SPADI) |
Kuijpers et al. 2006 25 [42] | Prosp. Cohort | GP clinic, Netherlands | Acute shoulder pain | NR | 587 (50%) | 51 | Usual care including medical management and physical therapy | Not defined | 6 weeks and 6 months | 8% | Patient perceived recovery |
Kvalvaag et al. 2018 [43] | Double blind RCT | Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Norway | Subacromial pain syndrome lasting at least three months | For RCT n = 143 | 143 | 47 | Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rESWT) + supervised exercises vs. sham rESWT + supervised exercises | Once per week for 4 weeks | 12 months | 9% | Pain and disability (SPADI), work status |
Laslett et al. 2015 [44] | Prosp. Cohort | Primary care/ PT clinic, New Zealand | Acute shoulder pain | NR | 161 (49%) | 44 | Clinical exam, shoulder x-ray, diagnostic anaesthetic injection in bursa + AC-joint or intra-articular glenohumeral joint, after 3 weeks usual PT care | NR | 3 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months | 38% | Pain and disability (SPADI) |
O’Malley et al. 2004 [45] | Prosp. Cohort | Orthopedic clinic, USA | Shoulder pain | NR | 199 (47%) | 52 | Various interventions | NR | 3 months | 39% | Function (FLEX-SF) |
Reilingh et al. 2008 [46] | Prosp. Cohort | GP, Netherlands | Shoulder pain | NR | 587 (50%) | 51 | Various interventions | NR | 6 months | 8% | Pain (NRS) |
Ryall et al. 2007 [47] | Prosp. Cohort | Primary care and PT clinics, U.K. | Shoulder pain | NR | 222 (of 375 with arm pain) | NR | Various interventions | NR | 12 months | 17% (of total population) | Subjective pain report |
Sindhu et al. 2012 [48] | Retro. analysis of prosp.collected data | Outpatient rehab clinics, various locations throughout the United States | Shoulder impairment | NR | 3362 (54%) | 54 | Conservative care | NR | End of treatment | 53% | Shoulder function (CAT) |
Smedbråten et al. 2018 [49] | Registry study | Outpatient Physiotherapy Norway, FysioPol database | Shoulder impairment | NR | 145 (72%) | 44 | Exercises physiotherapy | 5 weeks (IQR 3 to 6) | End of treatment | NA | Pain (NRS) Function (PSFS) |
Van der Windt et al. 2007 [50] | Prosp. Cohort | Primary care clinic, Netherlands | Acute shoulder pain | NR | 344 (48%) | 51 | Usual care by GP (Group 1), including steroid injection if indicated (Group 2) | NR | 3 Months | 12% | Perceived recovery (VAS), Disability (SDQ) |
Wolfensberger et al. 2016 [51] | Retro. Study | Rehabilitation clinic, Switzerland | Chronic nonspecific shoulder pain, on work disability | NR | 287 (18%) | 47 | Interdisciplinary care | 4–5 weeks, at least 2 to 3 h of daily (excl. weekend) | End of treatment | 49% | Disability (DASH), Pre-post change of pain (Patient Global Impression of Change) |
Surgical treatment | |||||||||||
Cho et al. 2015 [52] | Prosp. Cohort | Tertiary care institution, Korea | Rotator cuff tear | 40 | 58 (57%) | 57 | Rotator cuff repair | NA | 3, 6, 12 months post-surgery | 19% | Pain (VAS), Shoulder Pain and function (UCLA, ASES) |
Dambreville et al. 2007 [53] | Prosp. Cohort | Orthopedic surgical department, France | Patients undergoing surgery for shoulder complaints | NR | 86 (36%) | 48 | Several procedures (ablation of calcification, rotator cuff repair, arthroplasty) | NA | 1 month | NR | Pain (VAS)) |
Dekker et al. 2016 [54] | Retro. analysis of prospectively collected data | Orthopedic surgical department, UK. | Subacromial impingement | NR | 61 (NR) | 54 | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression | NA | 6 Months | 28% | Pain (VAS) function and pain (OSS) |
George et al. 2008 [55] | Prosp. Cohort | Orthopaedics Sports Medicine Institute, USA | Patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy, nonspecific diagnosis | NR | 58 (41%) | 50 | Shoulder arthroscopy | NA | 3–5 months post-surgery | 19% | Pain (BPI) |
George et al. 2015, George et al. 2016, Simon et al. 2020 [56,57,58] | Prosp. Cohort | Orthopaedics Sports Medicine, USA | Patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy, nonspecific diagnosis | 360 | 150 (34%) | 43 | Shoulder arthroscopy | NA | 12 months | NR | George et al. 2015: Pain (BPI), George et al. 2016: Pain (BPI), Disability (Quick-DASH) |
Henn et al. 2007 [59] | Retro. analysis of prospectively collected data | Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, USA | Primary repair of a chronic rotator cuff tear | NR | 12 (42%) | 56 | Three rotator cuff repair techniques: open repair, mini open repair, arthroscopic repair. | NA | 12 months | NR | Pain (VAS) Function (DASH, SST, Quality of life (SF-36) |
Jain et al. 2018 [60] | Prosp. Cohort | Sports/Shoulder clinics in 3 academic and 1 community setting, USA | Symptomatic (≥4 weeks) rotator cuff tears scheduled for surgery | NR | 50 (38%) | 59 | Surgery rotator cuff tear | NA | 3, 6, 12, 18 months |  | Pain and disability (SPADI) |
Koorevaar et al. 2016 | Prosp. Cohort | Single center teaching hospital, Netherlands | Patients eligible for shoulder surgery | NR | 315 patients (2016),142 (2018) (44%) | 54 | Surgery shoulder | NA | After treatment (2016) and 12 months (2018) | Postoperative 9%, 12 months 22% | Disability DASH; MCID Anchor based (global rating for function and pain) |
Retro. analysis of prosp. collected data | Single surgical unite, single surgeon, USA | Surgery for rotator cuff repair (01/2011–06/2017) and ≥ 1-year follow-up. Excluded were previous surgery, arthritis, fracture. | NR | 187 (34%) | 59 | Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in a chair position. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. | NA | Mean 47.5 months | Complete case analysis | Disability (ASES), pain, quality of life (WORC) | |
Oh et al. 2012 [65] | Prosp. Cohort | Single center, all surgeries performed by the first author | Patients undergoing surgery for rotator cuff disorders, failed 3 months of conservative management | NR | 128 (45%) | 59 | Arthroscopy-assisted mini open repair or arthroscopic repair | NR | ≥12 months | NA | Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Constant-Murley, SF-36 physical function |
Potter et al. 2015 [66] | Prosp. Cohort |  | Patients aged ≥18 years, scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy for shoulder pain secondary to a reparable full-thickness rotator cuff tear. | NR | 70 (26%) | 61 | Patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with one of three surgeons (PEG, RTB, RZT) between October 2011 and December 2013 | NA | 12 months | NA | Pain (VAS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), ASES |
Ravindra et al 2018 [67] | Prosp Cohort | Single orthopedic department, USA | Patient scheduled for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with confirmed (MRI) partial or full rotator cuff tear | NR | 93 46% | 56 | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression, acromioplasty, labral debridement, distal clavicle excision, and biceps tenotomy or tenodesis as indicated | NA | Post-surgery 12 months | 21.5% | VAS pain scores ASES |
Thorpe et al. 2018 [68] | Prosp Cohort | Surgery performed by 6 surgeons in 1 private & 2 public hospitals, Australia | Patients scheduled for shoulder surgery for partial or full rotator cuff tear | NR | 124 (37%) | 54 | Surgery for rotator cuff repair with or without subacromial decompression (n = 55) and arthroscopic subacromial decompression only (n = 43) | NA | 3, 12 months | 10% | Pain and function sub- scores (ASES) |
Valencia et al. 2014 [69] | Prosp. Cohort | Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Institute, USA | Patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy nonspecific diagnosis | NR | 78 (28%) | 47 | Shoulder arthroscopic surgery | NA | 3 and 6 months | 6% | Pain (BPI), shoulder disability (DASH) |
Woollard et al. 2017 [70] | Prosp. Cohort | University Clinic, Sports Medicine, USA | Patients scheduled for arthroscopic subacromial decompression | Yes, 50 pat. 80% power | 62 (63%) | 46 | Arthroscopic subacromial decompression with /without supraspinatus repair | NA | 6 months after surgery | 25% | Function: (WORC and DASH) Global Rating of change |
Yeoman et al. 2012 [71] | Prosp. Cohort | Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Scotland | Patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy | 49 | 31 (67%) | 55 | Shoulder arthroscopic surgery | NA | 6 weeks | 0 | Shoulder pain and function (OSS), Pain (VAS) |