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Table 1 Definitions of domains and constructs

From: Do psychological factors affect outcomes in musculoskeletal shoulder disorders? A systematic review

Domains and definitions

Constructs and definitions

Beliefs: cognitive responses to pain

Self-efficacy: belief in one’s ability to be successful at a task

Expectation of recovery: belief that one will return to the premorbid state

Coping: active or palliative responses to pain

Catastrophizing: thoughts that something is much worse than it is

Avoidant coping: unhelpful avoidance of dealing with a stressful situation

Affect: emotional response to pain

Depression: feelings of extreme sadness

Anxiety: worrisome or fearful thoughts