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Table 1 Mechanical Properties derived from four-point bending of Control group and Raloxifene treatment group (metaphyseal fetal bovine femora)

From: Immersion in Raloxifene does not significantly improve bone toughness or screw pull-out strength in multiple in vitro models

Mechanical Property

Control (n = 10)

Treatment (n = 10)

P-Value

Stiffness (N/mm)

1.7 ± 0.7

1.4 ± 0.6

0.333

Ultimate Force (N)

1.69 ± 0.423

1.56 ± 0.527

0.560

Bending Rigidity (Nm2)

0.0004 ± 0.0002

0.00038 ± 0.000162

0.422

Modulus (MPa)

226 ± 86.5

190 ± 62.2

0.303

Ultimate Stress (MPa)

4.05 ± 1.08

3.77 ± 1.08

0.569

Toughness (J/m3)

0.15 ± 0.04

0.17 ± 0.08

0.615

Energy to Fracture (J/m3)

0.09 ± 0.02

0.09 ± 0.04

0.794

Post-yield Energy (J/m3)

0.13 ± 0.04

0.15 ± 0.07

0.531