Table 4 Working sitting posture. Presentation of median, minimum and maximum of all measurement parameters for all test persons and for each of the three groups isolated. Chair 1: Sirona CARL (Sib), Chair 2: Salli Saddle chair (Sal), Chair 3: Sirona Hugo Freehand (Sio), Chair 4: Aeris Swopper (Sw), Chair 5: KaVo Physioform 5005 (Kg), Chair 6: KaVo Evo (Kb)
Working posture | Chair 1 Sib | Chair 2 Sal | Chair 3 Sio | Chair 4 Sw | Chair 5 kg | Chair 6 Kb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Median | Minimum/ Maximum | Median | Minimum/ Maximum | Median | Minimum/ Maximum | Median | Minimum/ Maximum | Median | Minimum/ Maximum | Median | Minimum/ Maximum | |
Spine parameter | |||||||||||||
Trunk length D (mm) ARDL | All groups | 493.64 | 472.64/ 521.86 | 489.99 | 473.96/ 515.21 | 491.44 | 472.31/ 519.09 | 494.18 | 471.62/ 515.24 | 494.10 | 475.66/ 516.83 | 496.18 | 477.57/ 522.61 |
1 | 500.69 | 479.53/ 531.92 | 500.34 | 479.81/ 527.88 | 493.42 | 476.57/ 534.37 | 503.29 | 472.27/ 533.11 | 497.45 | 480.71/ 537.84 | 499.30 | 481.10/ 529.98 | |
2 | 498.92 | 474.13/ 525.75 | 494.09 | 474.22/ 516.34 | 500.35 | 474.57/ 523.64 | 495.18 | 473.98/ 526.25 | 499.26 | 481.09/ 525.27 | 505.04 | 483.02/ 527.36 | |
3 | 484.99 | 466.38/ 497.62 | 484.53 | 463.13/ 498.67 | 481.98 | 461.52/ 500.07 | 475.48 | 460.72/ 498.96 | 485.25 | 467.22/ 501.82 | 484.23 | 471.88/ 505.21 | |
Trunk length S (mm) ARLS | All groups | 534.98 | 520.59/ 564.10 | 534.17 | 517.75/ 556.54 | 534.16 | 518.28/ 559.85 | 534.87 | 516.31/ 556.82 | 539.96 | 522.18/ 564.72 | 540.70 | 523.20/ 566.72 |
1 | 534.39 | 527.93/ 576.00 | 538.21 | 523.79/ 569.62 | 533.36 | 525.28/ 563.23 | 534.47 | 528.41/ 561.17 | 536.02 | 526.77/ 571.83 | 537.43 | 530.87/ 580.78 | |
2 | 550.24 | 526.57/ 570.71 | 542.72 | 522.07/ 567.11 | 545.09 | 524.71/ 568.74 | 547.78 | 523.18/ 572.96 | 552.60 | 529.14/ 570.18 | 559.31 | 537.20/ 568.99 | |
3 | 523.20 | 507.16/ 536.38 | 520.63 | 507.70/ 537.21 | 523.02 | 510.03/ 537.85 | 522.89 | 498.68/ 540.82 | 526.74 | 514.09/ 541.24 | 526.02 | 514.85/ 543.45 | |
Sagittal trunk decline (°) ASRN | All groups | −16.37 | −18.33/ −13.69 | −15.28 | −17.40/ −12.66 | −16.25 | −18.05/ −13.32 | −16.10 | −18.87/ −13.23 | −16.80 | − 19.51/ − 15.17 | − 16.67 | − 19.72/ − 14.82 |
1 | − 14.57 | − 18.06/ − 12.65 | − 15.37 | − 18.55/ − 11.82 | −14.44 | − 17.66/ − 11.57 | −14.95 | − 17.59/ − 12.06 | − 16.02 | − 19.20/ − 11.30 | − 16.56 | − 18.83/ − 13.46 | |
2 | −16.70 | − 19.78/ − 14.80 | − 14.57 | − 16.96/ − 13.00 | − 16.32 | − 17.95/ − 14.6 | −16.04 | −20.01/ − 14.45 | −16.66 | − 18.84/ − 15.28 | −17.75 | −20.70/ − 15.23 | |
3 | − 17.45 | − 19.38/ − 14.36 | − 16.63 | − 17.40/ − 14.25 | −16.33 | − 18.94/ − 14.17 | −17.54 | − 20.65/ − 13.82 | −18.26 | − 20.59/ − 16.01 | − 16.11 | − 20.27/ − 14.82 | |
Frontal trunk decline (°) AFRN | All groups | 0.99 | −0.27/ 1.71 | 0.66 | −0.24/ 1.69 | 0.46 | − 0.15/ 1.64 | 0.75 | − 0.25/ 1.74 | 1.03 | − 0.15/ 1.81 | 0.66 | −0.22/ 1.91 |
1 | 1.25 | 0.06/ 2.08 | 0.75 | − 0.03/ 1.63 | 0.69 | −0.03/ 1.60 | 1.09 | −0.22/ 1.80 | 0.66 | −0.26/ 2.17 | 0.73 | 0.14/ 1.94 | |
2 | 1.11 | −0.24/ 1.59 | 0.75 | 0.16/ 1.84 | 0.45 | −0.05/ 1.64 | 0.70 | −0.19/ 1.64 | 1.04 | 0.25/ 1.45 | 0.03 | −0.61/ 1.74 | |
3 | 0.70 | −1.40/ 1.33 | 0.51 | −0.84/ 2.04 | 0.21 | −0.61/ 2.09 | 0.36 | −0.74/ 1.75 | 1.29 | −1.76/ 2.42 | 0.99 | −0.99/ 1.83 | |
Axis decline (°) AAA | All groups | −0.35 | −1.86/ 0.75 | −0.75 | −1.87/ 0.71 | − 0.68 | −1.75/ 0.85 | −0.56 | − 1.94/ 1.06 | − 0.27 | −1.56/ 0.97 | 0.01 | −1.98/ 0.94 |
1 | 0.28 | −1.64/ 1.72 | −0.05 | −1.62/ 0.88 | −0.04 | − 1.17/ 1.09 | 0.34 | − 1.55/ 1.52 | 0.54 | − 1.17/ 1.05 | 0.19 | − 1.82/ 1.04 | |
2 | −0.26 | −1.58/ 0.69 | − 0.77 | −2.22/ 0.52 | − 0.89 | −2.14/ 0.70 | −0.93 | −1.92/ 0.52 | − 0.24 | −1.82/ 1.35 | −0.19 | − 1.84/ 1.08 | |
3 | −0.60 | − 2.64/ 0.48 | − 0.80 | − 2.78/ 0.59 | − 1.04 | − 2.14/ 0.54 | − 0.59 | − 2.58/ 0.38 | −1.10 | − 1.74/ 0.84 | −0.21 | − 2.34/ 0.73 | |
Thoracic bending angle (°) ATBW | All groups | 23.54 | 19.15/ 27.49 | 23.44 | 21.46/ 25.96 | 22.75 | 20.12/ 26.56 | 23.52 | 20.41/ 27.89 | 23.62 | 19.21/ 26.88 | 23.00 | 19.69/ 26.85 |
1 | 22.88 | 19.35/ 27.28 | 22.80 | 20.83/ 25.07 | 21.39 | 19.78/ 27.24 | 22.26 | 19.82/ 23.72 | 22.59 | 18.45/ 25.80 | 21.66 | 19.35/ 24.22 | |
2 | 21.59 | 17.84/ 25.25 | 22.83 | 19.47/ 24.31 | 22.51 | 19.18/ 25.02 | 23.24 | 20.46/ 25.54 | 21.67 | 18.02/ 25.38 | 20.93 | 18.78/ 26.05 | |
3 | 26.08 | 21.51/ 30.61 | 25.92 | 23.43/ 31.69 | 25.74 | 20.88/ 30.63 | 26.69 | 21.20/ 31.73 | 26.88 | 21.77/ 32.70 | 26.80 | 22.63/ 33.24 | |
Lumbar bending angle (°) ALBW | All groups | 7.63 | 4.93/ 10.80 | 7.40 | 4.77/ 9.56 | 8.00 | 6.21/ 10.50 | 7.66 | 5.14/ 10.17 | 7.19 | 5.43/ 10.79 | 7.25 | 5.54/ 9.28 |
1 | 6.42 | 4.99/ 10.38 | 6.49 | 4.46/ 9.33 | 7.79 | 4.76/ 9.21 | 6.59 | 3.88/ 9.67 | 6.97 | 4.92/ 10.21 | 6.98 | 3.83/ 9.07 | |
2 | 5.50 | 4.72/ 10.62 | 6.84 | 4.10/ 11.47 | 6.81 | 6.26/ 9.30 | 7.70 | 5.54/ 11.88 | 6.56 | 5.82/ 10.37 | 5.89 | 5.21/ 9.22 | |
3 | 8.20 | 6.54/ 10.89 | 8.23 | 6.22/ 9.20 | 9.44 | 7.36/ 12.86 | 8.35 | 6.15/ 12.50 | 9.65 | 5.80/ 12.60 | 8.15 | 7.10/ 9.68 | |
Standard deviation lateral deviation (mm) ASAS | All groups | 3.39 | 2.32/ 4.10 | 3.20 | 2.14/ 4.78 | 3.20 | 2.37/ 5.11 | 3.35 | 2.58/ 4.71 | 4.10 | 2.18/ 5.12 | 3.51 | 2.29/ 5.02 |
1 | 3.58 | 2.00/ 4.00 | 2.71 | 2.29/ 4.40 | 2.87 | 2.42/ 5.56 | 3.30 | 2.25/ 4.65 | 3.44 | 1.98/ 5.16 | 2.72 | 2.09/ 5.14 | |
2 | 3.18 | 2.32/ 3.98 | 3.17 | 2.07/ 5.62 | 2.83 | 1.95/ 4.61 | 3.34 | 2.70/ 4.39 | 3.57 | 2.20/ 4.96 | 3.43 | 2.39/ 4.95 | |
3 | 3.49 | 2.76/ 4.62 | 4.38 | 2.00/ 5.39 | 4.02 | 2.98/ 5.46 | 4.14 | 2.37/ 5.27 | 4.75 | 2.48/ 5.21 | 4.19 | 2.95/ 5.02 | |
Maximal lateral deviation (mm) AMSA | All groups | −3.39 | −6.10/ 5.00 | −3.87 | −6.89/ 3.16 | −2.86 | −7.14/ 4.52 | −1.87 | −5.39/ 4.71 | −3.90 | −7.46/ 6.01 | −2.88 | −6.41/ 4.86 |
1 | −3.25 | −4.65/ 6.11 | −3.83 | −5.05/ 4.24 | −2.08 | −5.23/ 4.95 | − 2.46 | −4.97/ 4.90 | − 2.52 | − 6.45/ 6.12 | − 3.20 | −4.89/ 4.31 | |
2 | −4.15 | − 5.82/ 4.22 | − 2.64 | − 7.75/ 2.67 | − 2.32 | − 6.71/ 2.77 | 2.09 | − 5.14/ 5.47 | − 4.30 | − 6.80/ 6.76 | 0.59 | − 6.02/ 5.93 | |
3 | − 5.37 | − 6.49/ 5.00 | − 5.94 | − 7.94/ 3.31 | −5.10 | −8.07/ 4.85 | − 4.72 | − 7.07/ 4.10 | − 6.62 | − 7.84/ 4.33 | − 5.47 | − 6.83/ 4.73 | |
Standard deviation rotation (°) ASAR | All groups | 3.28 | 2.52/ 4.27 | 3.48 | 2.70/ 4.33 | 3.46 | 2.26/ 5.00 | 3.21 | 2.34/ 4.81 | 3.26 | 2.06/ 5.05 | 3.41 | 2.56/ 4.50 |
1 | 3.24 | 2.56/ 3.90 | 3.21 | 2.35/ 4.61 | 3.21 | 1.98/ 3.89 | 2.96 | 1.89/ 3.76 | 2.20 | 1.80/ 4.18 | 3.24 | 2.06/ 4.30 | |
2 | 2.85 | 2.44/ 4.34 | 3.21 | 2.43/ 4.15 | 3.35 | 2.59/ 4.88 | 3.74 | 2.33/ 4.97 | 2.94 | 2.09/ 4.46 | 3.33 | 2.15/ 4.34 | |
3 | 4.02 | 2.53/ 4.75 | 4.10 | 3.45/ 4.57 | 4.28 | 2.26/ 6.07 | 3.65 | 2.77/ 4.84 | 4.31 | 3.26/ 6.67 | 4.19 | 3.16/ 5.42 | |
Maximal rotation (°) AMR | All groups | 4.47 | −6.74/ 7.52 | 5.20 | −5.82/ 10.14 | 5.44 | −3.99/ 9.06 | 4.22 | −7.40/ 10.32 | 5.44 | −4.14/ 9.10 | 5.35 | − 3.76/ 9.04 |
1 | 5.17 | − 7.72/ 6.80 | 4.16 | −5.22/ 9.01 | 4.70 | −3.03/ 7.43 | 3.16 | −6.51/ 8.15 | 5.64 | 1.26/ 8.21 | 6.82 | −0.48/ 8.37 | |
2 | 5.17 | −5.46/ 7.34 | 3.76 | −8.68/ 8.71 | 6.56 | 3.90/ 8.70 | 4.67 | −5.20/ 11.32 | 5.04 | −6.83/ 8.95 | 5.14 | −5.25/ 10.07 | |
3 | 4.24 | −8.09/ 10.77 | 6.87 | −5.29/ 13.42 | 5.44 | −7.24/ 12.46 | 4.22 | −9.33/ 10.23 | 5.44 | −8.22/ 12.13 | 3.29 | −8.81/ 17.16 | |
Kyphosis angle (°) AKW | All groups | 57.28 | 49.61/ 61.59 | 54.08 | 48.26/ 64.04 | 59.06 | 48.68/ 67.91 | 55.37 | 48.10/ 64.10 | 55.87 | 46.36/ 68.15 | 55.72 | 47.39/ 66.90 |
1 | 52.56 | 49.52/ 58.24 | 53.78 | 46.57/ 56.95 | 58.40 | 48.68/ 61.51 | 52.68 | 46.78/ 57.01 | 52.46 | 49.02/ 57.13 | 50.27 | 46.03/ 55.19 | |
2 | 49.80 | 45.77/ 56.59 | 48.93 | 42.90/ 59.12 | 49.97 | 46.11/ 53.80 | 49.06 | 47.37/ 54.89 | 44.00 | 40.40/ 51.14 | 47.44 | 43.92/ 63.78 | |
3 | 65.91 | 58.48/ 75.27 | 64.81 | 54.00/ 77.89 | 65.77 | 59.06/ 72.88 | 65.60 | 59.92/ 76.42 | 68.43 | 59.02/ 74.67 | 66.90 | 56.33/ 74.82 | |
Lordosis angle (°) ALW | All groups | 27.47 | 20.16/ 34.5 | 24.38 | 21.20/ 36.70 | 32.27 | 21.85/ 44.79 | 28.13 | 20.98/ 33.8 | 26.62 | 16.68/ 41.74 | 31.33 | 15.86/ 38.29 |
1 | 24.53 | 19.39/ 34.03 | 21.58 | 18.26/ 30.33 | 32.06 | 17.90/ 45.87 | 24.03 | 16.30/ 28.24 | 21.71 | 16.05/ 32.94 | 24.49 | 10.93/ 35.50 | |
2 | 24.08 | 18.92/ 30.44 | 24.00 | 21.97/ 31.51 | 24.47 | 20.72/ 29.22 | 26.11 | 16.79/ 32.48 | 24.31 | 5.30/ 40.08 | 15.32 | 12.30/ 25.87 | |
3 | 32.56 | 24.63/ 48.62 | 36.29 | 21.38/ 53.20 | 34.92 | 23.11/ 48.20 | 33.72 | 29.69/ 41.28 | 39.93 | 23.72/ 46.35 | 34.99 | 25.98/ 47.00 | |