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Table 2 Relative risk ratio (RRR) of spinal pain according to screen time and physical activity among the 45,555 pre-adolescents included in the study population (The Danish National Birth Cohort, born 1996–2003)

From: Spinal pain in pre-adolescence and the relation with screen time and physical activity behavior

  

Model 1ab

Model 2bc

Model 3bd

No. of cases

Moderate/Severe

Moderate pain

RRR (95% CI)

Severe pain

RRR (95% CI)

Moderate pain

RRR (95% CI)

Severe pain

RRR (95% CI)

Moderate pain

RRR (95% CI)

Severe pain

RRR (95% CI)

Screen time, girls

  < 2 h/day

1734/728

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 2 to < 4 h/day

3651/1584

1.25 (1.17–1.34)

1.30 (1.18–1.43)

1.24 (1.16–1.33)

1.28 (1.16–1.41)

1.23 (1.15–1.32)

1.24 (1.13–1.37)

 4 to < 6 h/day

1372/631

1.49 (1.37–1.63)

1.64 (1.45–1.84)

1.47 (1.34–1.61)

1.59 (1.41–1.80)

1.43 (1.31–1.57)

1.49 (1.32–1.68)

  ≥ 6 h/day

493/332

1.80 (1.58–2.05)

2.89 (2.48–3.38)

1.76 (1.54–2.01)

2.77 (2.37–3.24)

1.69 (1.48–1.93)

2.49 (2.13–2.92)

Screen time, boys

  < 2 h/day

973/283

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 2 to < 4 h/day

2856/922

1.11 (1.02–1.22)

1.24 (1.07–1.43)

1.11 (1.01–1.21)

1.23 (1.06–1.41)

1.10 (1.01–1.20)

1.21 (1.05–1.39)

 4 to < 6 h/day

1652/553

1.31 (1.19–1.44)

1.51 (1.29–1.76)

1.29 (1.17–1.41)

1.47 (1.26–1.71)

1.26 (1.15–1.39)

1.41 (1.20–1.64)

  ≥ 6 h/day

761/355

1.38 (1.23–1.55)

2.21 (1.87–2.62)

1.34 (1.19–1.50)

2.11 (1.78–2.51)

1.30 (1.16–1.46)

1.95 (1.65–2.32)

Physical activity behavior

 Inactive

1627/769

1.25 (1.16–1.33)

1.56 (1.42–1.71)

1.14 (1.06–1.22)

1.28 (1.16–1.41)

1.12 (1.04–1.20)

1.22 (1.10–1.34)

 Lightly active

6225/2474

1.14 (1.09–1.19)

1.20 (1.12–1.28)

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

1.12 (1.05–1.20)

1.09 (1.04–1.14)

1.09 (1.02–1.16)

 Moderately active

5066/1914

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Vigorously active

574/231

0.98 (0.88–1.09)

1.04 (0.90–1.21)

1.00 (0.90–1.11)

1.09 (0.94–1.26)

1.00 (0.90–1.11)

1.08 (0.93–1.26)

  1. a Crude model (Screen time was analyzed as the interaction between screen time and child’s sex)
  2. b Reference categories: For explanatory variables; less than 2 h of daily screen time and being physically active, and for outcome variables; not having reported moderate or severe spinal pain in DNBC-11 (No pain)
  3. c Simultaneously modelled for the interaction between screen time and child’s sex, and physical activity behavior, but without further adjustments
  4. d Adjusted for child’s age, parity, family type, parental education, household income and simultaneously modelled for the interaction between screen time and child’s sex, and physical activity behavior