GCT | CB | ABC | |
---|---|---|---|
Incidence rate | 33% | 16% | 5% |
Age (years) | 20–40 | 15–20 | 10–20 |
Common location | The distal femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius | Proximal epiphysis of the femur, humerus, and tibia | Epiphysis of the femur and tibia |
Clinical presentation | Knee pain | Knee pain | Knee pain |
Physical examination | Tenderness | Tenderness | Tenderness |
Imaging findings | X: osteolytic lesion, soap bubble appearance, non-sclerotic margin, and radiolucent lesion; CT: osteolytic lesion; MRI: osteolytic lesion, hypointensity on T1WI, and hyperintensity on T2WI | X: osteolytic lesion with well-defined sclerotic margin, lobulated rims, and thinned cortex; CT: osteolytic lesion with septation, sclerotic margins, and some intralesional calcifications; MRI: lobulated lesion, iso/hypointensity on T1WI, and mixed intensity or hyperintensity focus on T2WI | X: geographic osteolysis, smooth borders, thinned cortices, and intact articular surface; CT: fluid-filled multiseptate cavities without intralesional calcifications; MRI: lobulated lesion with a fluid-filled cyst, hypointensity on T1WI, and hyperintensity on T2WI |
Histone H3.3 mutation | H3F3A | H3F3B | – |
With secondary ABC | Yes | Yes | – |
Pathology | Numerous giant cells, short spindle-shaped cells, bone tissue calcification, and a few mitotic figures | Proliferating chondroblast with chondroid matrix, some multinucleated giant cells, “coffee bean” nucleus | Necrosis and hemorrhagic cystic cavities or red cells |
Treatment | Intralesional curettage (benign GCT) or patellectomy with adjuvant treatment (aggressive GCT) | Intralesional curettage followed by bone grafting | Intralesional curettage followed by bone grafting |