Fig. 4

Visualization of the area of fracture detection using Grad-CAM. a For images diagnosed by the algorithm as “with fracture”, Grad-CAM showed a high-signal region consistent with the fracture site . b For images diagnosed as “no fracture”, Grad-CAM showed high-signal areas in the region other than femoral neck and trochanteric. From red to green, the diagnostic basis of the CAD system was strongly evident