Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients

Male (%)

199(84.3 %)

26(53.1)

173(92.5)

< 0.001

Age, mean(± SD)

47.21(± 8.16)

54.73(± 3.43)

47.44(± 8.11)

< 0.001

BMI (%)

< 0.001

 <25

76(32.2)

21(42.9)

55(29.4)

 >25

160(67.8)

28(51.1)

132(70.6)

Location (%)

0.943

 proximal

44(18.6)

9(18.3)

35(18.7)

 middle

89(37.7)

19(38.7)

70(37.4)

 distal

103(43.6)

21(42.8)

82(43.9)

Type (%)

< 0.001

 Single-level

107(45.3)

20(40.8)

78(41.7)

 Double-level

129(54.7)

29(59.1)

109(58.3)

 Diabetes yes (%)

91(38.6)

28(57.1)

63(33.7)

0.003

 Hypertension yes (%)

76(32.2)

13(26.5)

63(33.7)

0.002

 Osteoporosis yes (%)

97(41.1)

42(85.7)

55(29.4)

< 0.001

 Metal allergy yes (%)

37(15.7)

22(44.9)

15(0.08)

0.548

 Glucocorticoid intake yes (%)

116(49.2)

24(48.9)

92(49.2)

0.027

 Duration of disease, mean(± SD)

25.26(± 6.88)

26.82(± 5.25)

18.68(± 1.57)

< 0.001

 DS, mean(± SD)

5.90(± 1.59)

7.70(± 0.56)

5.12(± 0.58)

< 0.001

 Bone union time, mean(± SD)

16.31(± 1.51)

11.42(± 1.72)

7.85(± 0.74)

0.929

 EFT, mean(± SD)

253.94(± 59.00)

348.34(± 6.64)

302.02(± 4.43)

< 0.001

 EFI, mean(± SD)

68.63(± 6.12)

44.49(± 7.24)

56.98(± 5.92)

0.040

 AOFAS

65.96(± 12.82)

48.79(± 8.33)

68.54(± 8.91)

< 0.001