Fig. 1

a Long-leg standing AP film for radiographic measurements in the coronal plane, including MA, FCA, and TCA. b Lateral radiograph for measuring component alignments in the sagittal plane, including FSA and TSA. Abbreviations, MA, mechanical axis; FCA, femoral coronal angle; TCA, tibial coronal angle; FSA, femoral sagittal angle; TSA, tibial sagittal angle