Table 3 Cytokines levels in fractured knees compared to healthy contralateral knee
Cytokine levels | Fractured knees (pg/mL) Median (IQR) | Contralateral knees (pg/mL) Median (IQR) | P-value (z-value) | Cytokine ratio (fractured/contralateral) | Serum (pg/ml) Median (IQR) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pro-inflammatory | IL-1α | 0.01345 (0.01226) | 0.007 (0.000) | 0.502 (− 0.67) | 1.30 | 0.00942 (0.02051) |
IL-1β | 5.16 (2.86) | 0.127 (0.000) | 0.0001 (− 3.84) | 40.61 | 0.665 (0.465) | |
IL-2 | 3.43 (2.21) | 0.47 (0.00) | 0.0003 (− 3.65) | 7.34 | 0.710 (0.005) | |
IL-6 | 1630.62 (865.54) | 0.216 (0.000) | 0.0001 (−3.82) | 2618.14 | 5.93 (3.17) | |
IL-8 | 379.21 (309.79) | 1.62 (0.59) | 0.0002 (−3.67) | 212.85 | 3.35 (4.41) | |
IL-12p70 | 6.95 (5.16) | 0.93 (0.00) | 0.0001 (−3.88) | 7.15 | 0.71 (0.06) | |
TNF-α | 8.92 (7.77) | 0.403 (0.000) | 0.0001 (−3.84) | 20.66 | 2.61 (1.42) | |
TNF-β | 0.0000419 (0.000116) | 0.000046 (0.00000) | 1.00 (0.00) | 2.47 | 0.0000426 (7.00e-07) | |
IFN-y | 28.81 (24.51) | 3.81 (0.00) | 0.0001 (−3.88) | 7.68 | 10.65 (12.07) | |
MMP-1 | 426,290.2 (804,764.8) | 145.14 (7996.7) | 0.0055 (−2.77) | 74.49 | 1649.53 | |
MMP-3 | 342,739.1 (675,480.8) | 79,747.3 (138253) | 0.026 (−2.21) | 5.65 | 6812.93 (1817.63) | |
MMP-9 | 76,405.31 (56,070.87) | 122.50 (4300.56) | 0.047 (−1.98) | 2.86 | 49,956.95 (79,704.52) | |
Anti-inflammatory | IL-1RA | 7824.31 (4990.31) | 1.85 (20.97) | 0.0002 (−3.76) | 334.44 | 18.10 (79.38) |
IL-4 | 0.59 (0.66) | 0.05 (0.00) | 0.0001 (−3.84) | 10.37 | 0.108 (0.035) | |
IL-10 | 3.37 (4.48) | 0.08 (0.00) | 0.0001 (−3.88) | 46.69 | 0.33 (1.13) | |
IL-13 | 35.26 (20.57) | 4.53 (0.00) | 0.0001 (−3.88) | 8.71 | 4.44 (0.38) | |
Cartilage degradation | ACG | 2077.5 (490.0) | 560.0 (655.0) | 0.06 (−1.83) | 2.69 | 2775.0 (480.0) |
CTX-2 | 438,005 (171054) | 100,805 (452484) | 0.16 (−1.39) | 1.38 | 385,367 (151414) | |
Metabolic | bFGF | 18.68 (25.26) | 26.62 (3.34) | 0.53 (0.62) | 0.51 | 24.78 (27.33) |
TGF-β1 | 2588.24 (4233.90) | 2923.56 (4104.46) | 0.79 (−0.26) | 0.88 | 2710.86 (2266.59) | |
TGF-β2 | 62.75 (45.25) | 152.95 (1554.52) | 0.30 (1.02) | 0.10 | 22.04 (25.25) | |
TGF-β3 | 3.22 (2.07) | 6.35 (0.00) | 0.0025 (3.02) | 0.48 | 0.85 (0.41) |