Table 1 Study characteristics
Author/year/ study design | Country | n-hands | n-individuals | n-CTS | Diagnostic tool(s) | Reference standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borg & Lindblom [20] /1988/ Prospective cross-sectional | Sweden | 33 | 22 | 22 | QST consisted of vibrometry, tactile thresholds, Von Frey hairs, 2PD, graphesthesia, warm and cold thresholds | A combined battery of tests |
Buch-Jaeger & Foucher [21] / 1994/ Prospective cross-sectional | France | 172 | 112 | 112 | Vibratory sensibility, static 2PD, SWMFs | NCS |
Dale et al. [8] /2011 / Prospective cross-sectional | USA | NR | 1108 | NR | SWMFs | Modified Katz Hand Diagram; NCS; The Consensus Criteria CTS Case Definition |
Franzblau et al. [22] /1993/ Prospective cross-sectional | USA | 260 | 130 | 22 | Vibration, hand grip strength, palmar pinch grip | NCS; NCS+ surveillance symptom definitions for CTS; Physical examination + surveillance symptom definitions for CTS |
Katz et al. [23] /1990/ Retrospective cross sectional | USA | 165 | 110 | 44 | 2PD | NCS |
Kucukakkas & Yurdakul [7]/ 2019/ Prospective cross-sectional | Turkey | 463 | 463 | 226 | Thenar atrophy, 2PD | NCS |
Kuhlman et al. [24] /1997/ Prospective cross-sectional | USA | 228 | 143 | 142 | Hypoesthesia, APB weakness | NCS |
MacDermid et al. [25] /1994/ Prospective cross-sectional | Canada | 78 | 39 | 23 | SWMFs | Clinical profile of CTS + NCS |
MacDermid et al. [26] /1997/ Prospective cross-sectional | Canada | 84 | 42 | 36 | Vibration, pinch grip strength, SWMFs | NCS + positive clinical examination |
Makanji et al. [11] /2013/ Prospective cohort | USA | NR | 88 | 65 | Thenar atrophy, thumb abduction weakness | NCS |
Naranjo et al. [9] /2007/ Prospective cross-sectional | Spain | 105 | 68 | 80 | Thenar atrophy | NCS |
Pagel et al. [27] /2002/ Prospective cross-sectional | Portland | NR | 113 | 60 | SWMFs | NCS |
Raudino [28] /2000/ Prospective cross-sectional | Italy | 140 hands | 83 | 83 | Hypoesthesia, thumb abduction Weakness | NCS |
Sartorio [10] /2017/ Prospective cross-sectional | Italy | NR | 80 | 80 | Functional dexterity test | NCS |
Szabo et al. [29] /1999/ Prospective cross-sectional | USA | CTS = 87 other diagnoses of UE = 90 | 100 | 87 | SWMFs, grip strength | NCS |
Yildirim & Gunduz [6] /2015/ Retrospective cross-sectional | Turkey | 124 | 62 | 49 | SWMFs | NCS |