Table 1 Preoperative lower-limb alignment and joint orientation

Lateral femoral bowing (°)

9.2 (4.1)

7.7–10.6

9.6 (3.0)

8.5–10.7

0.327

HKA angle (varus °)

13.1 (5.2)

11.2–15

12.7 (6.1)

10.5–15

0.401

mLDFA(°)

90.9 (3.2)

89.7–92.1

90.6 (2.4)

89.7–91.4

0.328

aLDFA(°)

80.6 (2.3)

79.8–81.5

80.9 (2.5)

79.9–81.8

0.321

MPTA(°)

83.1 (3.6)

81.8 ~ 84.4

83 (4.5)

81.4 ~ 84.7

0.448

Joint translation

2.5 (3.2)

1.3–3.6

2.4 (3.2)

1.2–3.6

0.470

JLCA(°)

4.4 (3.4)

3.2–5.7

4.9 (3.1)

3.8–6.0

0.304

PCA (°)

6.2 (1.8)

5.6–6.9

6.2 (1.5)

5.6–6.7

0.427