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Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics among the three groups (n = 128)

From: The effects on pain, physical function, and quality of life of quadriceps strengthening exercises combined with Baduanjin qigong in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a quasi-experimental study

Characteristic

Total(n = 128)

QSE(n = 43)

BDJ(n = 41)

CE(n = 44)

χ2/F

P-value

Age, Mean (SD)

65.34 ± 3.17

65.70 ± 3.50

64.74 ± 2.80

65.57 ± 3.15

1.206 a

0.303

Gender (n, %)

0.961 b

0.619

 Male

20 (15.6)

8 (18.6)

7 (17.1)

5 (11.4)

  

 Female

108 (84.4)

35 (81.4)

34 (82.9)

39 (88.6)

  

Marital status (n, %)

0.642 b

0.725

 Married

109 (85.2)

37 (86.0)

36 (87.8)

36 (81.8)

  

 Single/Divorce/ Widowed

19 (14.8)

6 (14.0)

5 (12.2)

8 (18.2)

  

Educational level (n, %)

0.583 b

0.997

 Primary education or blow

27 (21.1)

9 (20.9)

8 (19.5)

10 (22.7)

  

 Secondary education

50 (39.1)

18 (41.9)

15 (36.6)

17 (38.6)

  

 Higher education

35 (27.3)

11 (25.6)

12 (29.3)

12 (27.3)

  

 College or above

16 (12.5)

5 (11.6)

6 (14.6)

5 (11.4)

  

Monthly income RMB

0.434 b

0.980

  ≤ ¥999

22 (17.2)

7 (16.3)

8 (19.5)

7 (15.9)

  

 ¥1000 ~ 2000

62 (48.4)

20 (46.5)

20 (48.8)

22 (50.0)

  

  ≥ ¥2000

44 (34.4)

16 (37.2)

13 (31.7)

15 (34.1)

  

 BMI, Mean (SD)

23.96 ± 2.03

24.12 ± 2.13

23.94 ± 2.02

23.83 ± 1.96

0.222 a

0.801

 Symptom duration, Mean (SD)

8.02 ± 3.73

8.16 ± 4.01

7.80 ± 43.47

8.07 ± 3.75

0.102 a

0.903

Number of affected knees

0.798 b

0.671

 One

87 (68.0)

27 (62.8)

29 (70.7)

31 (70.5)

  

 Two

41 (32.0)

16 (37.2)

12 (29.3)

13 (29.5)

  
  1. a one-way ANOVA; b Chi-square; BMI Body mass index, QSE Quadriceps strengthening exercise, BDJ Baduanjin qigong, CE The combined exercise of quadriceps strengthening exercise and Baduanjin qigong, SD Standard deviation; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant