Table 1 Material properties of bony components for C2-C3 FSU model

Material Properties

Cortical

Cancellous

Reference

Young Modulus, E (MPa)

16,800

100

[49]

Poisson Ratio, ν

0.3

0.29

Yield Stress, a (MPa)

110

1.92

Hardening Modulus, b (MPa)

100

20

[48]

Hardening Exponent, n

0.1

1

Failure Plastic Strain, ε_p (10⁻³)

9.86

14.5

[50]

Maximum Stress (MPa)

155

2.23

[51]

Strain Rate Coefficient, c

1

1