Table 2 Demographic Characteristics of Patients

Patients (n)

60

67

Age (range)

73.6 ± 3.2 (70–84)

74.3 ± 4.2 (70–85)

0.430

Gender (n)

0.675

 Male

22

27

 Females

38

40

BMI

25.9 ± 3.85

26.0 ± 4.08

0.769

Surgical level

0.961

 1-2levels

45

50

  ≥ 3levels

15

17

Smoker (n)

7

8

0.962

 Hypertension

32

36

0.964

 Diabetes

19

20

0.825

 Ischemic heart disease

5

8

0.503

 Stroke

3

2

0.560

 Arrhythmias

5

5

0.856

 Gastrointestinal

2

1

0.495

 Chronic lung disease

3

2

0.560

 Parkinson disease

1

2

0.625

 Depression

2

4

0.911

ASA classification

0.647

 2

31

40

 3

23

22

 4

6

5

Preoperative ODI (%)

59.3 ± 14.3

61.6 ± 14.7

0.419