Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics (N = 2045)
All | Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|---|
Patients | 2045 | 1013 | 1032 |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 49 (± 18.4) | 55 (± 17.7) | 43 (± 16.8) |
Lifestyle factors | |||
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.2 (± 4.9) | 26.6 (± 5.6) | 25.8 (± 4.1) |
BMI by category (%) | |||
Underweight (≤ 18.5) | 42 (2) | 27 (3) | 15 (2) |
Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 832 (41) | 391 (39) | 441 (43) |
Overweight (25–29.9) | 682 (33) | 318 (31) | 364 (35) |
Obese class I (30–34.9) | 278 (14) | 148 (15) | 130 (13) |
Obese class II (35–39.9) | 69 (3) | 48 (5) | 21 (2) |
Obese class III (≥ 40) | 28 (1) | 22 (2) | 6 (1) |
Missing | 114 (6) | 59 (6) | 55 (5) |
Smoking status (%) | |||
Current smoker | 708 (35) | 246 (24) | 462 (45) |
Former smoker | 161 (8) | 62 (6) | 99 (10) |
Never smoked | 896 (44) | 528 (52) | 368 (36) |
Not known if ever smoked | 280(14) | 177 (18) | 103 (10) |
Comorbidities | |||
Diabetes (%) | 152 (7) | 98 (10) | 54 (5) |
Missing | 33 (2) | 12 (1) | 21 (2) |
ASA score (%) | |||
I | 692 (34) | 267 (26) | 425 (41) |
II | 1123 (55) | 600 (60) | 523 (51) |
III | 199 (10) | 131 (13) | 68 (7) |
IV | 12 (1) | 8 (1) | 4 |
Missing | 19 (1) | 7 (1) | 12 (1) |
Fracture characteristics | |||
Right side (%) | 1103 (54) | 544 (54) | 559 (54) |
Open fracture (%) | 154 (8) | 76 (8) | 78 (8) |
Dislocated fracture (%) | 492 (24) | 293 (29) | 199 (19) |
Danis–Weber classification (%) | 1942 (95) | 976 (96) | 966 (94) |
A | 47 (2) | 17 (2) | 30 (3) |
B | 1491 (73) | 796 (79) | 695 (67) |
C | 404 (20) | 163 (16) | 241 (23) |
Non-classifiable | 103 (5) | 37 (4) | 66 (6) |
Number of fractured malleoli (%) | 2045 (100) | 1013 (50) | 1032 (50) |
Unimalleolar | 1099 (54) | 431 (43) | 668 (65) |
Bimalleolar | 519 (25) | 283 (28) | 236 (23) |
Trimalleolar | 427 (21) | 299 (30) | 128 (12) |
Type of accident (%) | |||
Simple fall | 1301 (64) | 804 (79) | 497 (48) |
Transportation | 333 (16) | 91 (9) | 242 (23) |
Sports | 293 (14) | 82 (8) | 211 (20) |
Other | 118 (6) | 36 (4) | 82 (8) |