Table 1 Circulating BNP and other clinical characteristics between T2DM patients with and without osteoporosis (x̄±s)

Male/Female

39/34

50/70

16/105**^##

0.000

Diabetic duration (years)

7.11 ± 5.91

8.60 ± 7.19

9.43 ± 7.46

0.134

Age (years)

59.32 ± 11.98

64.12 ± 8.76*

69.49 ± 7.89**^##

0.000

Height (cm)

161.98 ± 8.35

158.19 ± 7.75**

152.71 ± 11.83**^##

0.000

Weight (kg)

65.86 ± 10.73

61.95 ± 9.38*

56.96 ± 13.55**^##

0.000

BMI (kg/m²)

25.02 ± 3.00

24.91 ± 3.99

23.83 ± 4.33

0.058

SBP (mmHg)

132.14 ± 21.95

134.84 ± 21.80

136.71 ± 23.89

0.396

DBP (mmHg)

70.44 ± 12.01

69.73 ± 12.23

67.74 ± 13.53

0.291

PP (mmHg)

61.70 ± 19.77

65.12 ± 18.54

68.97 ± 20.65*

0.041

TC (mmol/L)

4.89 ± 109

4.81 ± 1.29

4.79 ± 1.22

0.849

TG (mmol/L)

2.31 ± 1.48

2.20 ± 1.97

1.91 ± 1.08

0.182

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.13 ± 0.28

1.23 ± 0.40

1.25 ± 0.37

0.068

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.89 ± 0.85

2.74 ± 1.01

2.82 ± 1.02

0.594

FBG (mmol/L)

10.40 ± 4.49

11.44 ± 6.20

10.25 ± 5.70

0.298

HbA1c (%)

9.86 ± 2.38

9.54 ± 2.62

9.12 ± 2.45

0.118

Calcium (mg/dL)^a

9.67 ± 1.16

9.51 ± 1.09

9.21 ± 1.41**^#

0.003

ALP (U/L)

93.56 ± 47.76

79.29 ± 39.98**

95.36 ± 46.67^##

0.000

Creatinine (μmol/L)

77.23 ± 50.41

82.12 ± 72.08

79.75 ± 69.91

0.516

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

91.88 ± 31.76

85.24 ± 26.55

79.33 ± 26.66**

0.007

ACR (mg/g)

362.60 ± 151.53

132.57 ± 43.85

325.48 ± 79.67

0.143

Cystatin C (mg/L)

1.05 ± 0.48

1.12 ± 0.54

1.22 ± 0.68

0.181

WBC count (*10⁹ /L)

6.90 ± 2.06

6.88 ± 2.65

7.42 ± 3.94

0.341

Neutrophil count (*10⁹ /L)

4.68 ± 1.78

4.67 ± 2.42

5.52 ± 3.94

0.273

Lymphocyte count (*10⁹/L)

1.67 ± 0.62

1.67 ± 0.76

1.42 ± 0.56**^##

0.006

NLR

3.26 ± 0.28

3.35 ± 0.24

4.86 ± 0.49**^##

0.003

Fibrinogen (g/L)

3.70 ± 1.15

3.52 ± 1.17

3.98 ± 1.47

0.094

Hb (g/L)

130.58 ± 23.53

127.31 ± 17.96

118.86 ± 19.39**^##

0.000

TBIL (μmol/L)

11.48 ± 3.85

12.29 ± 5.54

11.33 ± 4.36

0.263

DBIL (μmol/L)

4.11 ± 1.53

4.35 ± 2.22

4.20 ± 1.63

0.660

IBIL (μmol/L)

7.37 ± 2.67

7.93 ± 3.89

7.12 ± 3.25

0.175

ABI

1.04 ± 0.15

1.03 ± 0.13

0.96 ± 0.20*^#

0.010

VPT (V)

16.50 ± 8.81

19.02 ± 10.15

20.98 ± 10.95*

0.014

OSTA

1.23 ± 0.35

−0.49 ± 0.23**

−2.60 ± 0.27**^##

0.000

LS BMD (g/cm²)

1.120 ± 0.148

0.990 ± 0.102**

0.811 ± 0.114**^##

0.000

LS T score

0.40 ± 0.16

−0.75 ± 0.09**

−2.43 ± 0.10**^##

0.000

FN BMD (g/cm²)

0.926 ± 0.107

0.805 ± 0.086**

0.678 ± 0.094**^##

0.000

FN T score

−0.46 ± 0.11

−1.42 ± 0.07**

−2.18 ± 0.07**^##

0.000

TH BMD (g/cm²)

0.875 ± 0.100

0.759 ± 0.081**

0.623 ± 0.085**^##

0.000

TH T score

−0.85 ± 0.08

−1.64 ± 0.06**

−2.72 ± 0.06**^##

0.000

Fragility fractures

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

25 (20.66%)* *^##

0.000

 Hypertension (n, %)

41 (56.16%)

69 (57.50%)

73 (60.33%)

0.830

 CHD (n, %)

9 (12.33%)

20 (16.67%)

19 (15.70%)

0.710

 Stroke (n, %)

10 (13.70%)

28 (23.33%)

36 (29.75%) *

0.039

 PAD (n, %)

5 (6.85%)

13 (10.83%)

23 (19.01%) *

0.034

 DN (n, %)

27 (36.99%)

47 (39.17%)

63 (52.07%)

0.056

 DR (n, %)

10 (13.70%)

17 (14.17%)

13 (10.74%)

0.701

 DPN (n, %)

17 (23.29%)

38 (31.67%)

41 (33.88%)

0.285

 Metformin

43 (58.90%)

61 (50.83%)

66 (54.55%)

0.453

 Sulfonylurea

27 (36.99%)

49 (40.83%)

53 (43.80%)

0.682

 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

18 (24.66%)

42 (35.00%)

31 (25.62%)

0.165

 Insulin

30 (41.10%)

64 (53.33%)

51 (42.15%)

0.168

 ACEI

7 (9.59%)

14 (11.67%)

10 (8.26%)

0.690

 ARB

23 (31.51%)

35 (29.17%)

38 (31.40%)

0.879

 Beta-blockers

5 (6.85%)

11 (9.17%)

9 (7.44%)

0.837

  α-blockers

4 (5.48%)

3 (2.50%)

5 (4.13%)

0.546

 Calcium channel blockers

21 (28.77%)

29 (24.17%)

35 (28.93%)

0.619