Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of all three subject groups

Age (y)

66 [63–68]

64 [61–67]

64 [61–66]

F(2,75) = 0.67, p = 0.514

–

Sex (M:F)

13:14

12:13

17:9

χ² (2, N = 78) = 2.09, p = 0.352

–

Height (m)

1.72 [1.68–1.75]

1.72 [1.68–1.77]

1.76 [1.73–1.80]

F(2,75) = 1.72, p = 0.185

–

Mass (kg)

76 [72–80]

84 [79–90]

88 [80–95]

F(2,75) = 4.51, p = 0.014

Knee OA vs HC: mean diff = 9 [2–16], p = 0.014

Hip OA vs HC: mean diff = 12 [3–20], p = 0.007

BMI (kg/m²)

25.7 [24.6–26.8]

28.5 [26.9–30.1]

28.1 [26.0–30.1]

F(2,75) = 3.52, p = 0.035

Knee OA vs HC: mean diff = 2.8 [0.9–4.7], p = 0.005

Hip OA vs HC: mean diff = 2.4 [0.1–4.7], p = 0.043

KL score (I:II:II:IV)

–

0:0:8:17

0:0:7:19

–

–

DT scores (% correct)

89 [86–92]

84 [79–89]

87 [84–91]

F(2,75) = 1.56, p = 0.217

–

Self-reported outcomes

KOOS

HOOS

1) Symptoms

–

50.9 [42.5–59.3]

41.4 [33.6–49.2]

–

–

2) Pain

–

41.7 [33.8–49.5]

39.6 [34.4–44.8]

–

–

3) Activities of daily life

–

52.9 [44.9–60.9]

39.7 [33.7–45.6]

–

–

4) Sport/ Recreation

–

15.6 [7.9–23.3]

15.1 [10.5–19.8]

–

–

5) Quality of life

–

26.0 [20.4–31.6]

23.6 [17.8–29.3]

–

–