Fig. 3

A 68-year-old female patient underwent decompression and instrumented posterolateral fusion using Grafton® (left side) and DBX® (right side) DBMs/local autograft composites at L2–5. At 12 months postoperatively, L2–5 on the DBX® side was defined as a fusion, but L2–3 on the Grafton® side (yellow arrow) was defined as a nonunion on anteroposterior radiograph (a) and coronal two-dimensional computed tomography images (b and c). At 24 months postoperatively, L2–5 on both sides were defined as fusions on both anteroposterior radiograph (d) and coronal computed tomography images (e and f)