Table 3 Associations between risk factors and baseline fear-of-falling using multivariable binary logistic regression (high fear, n = 390/low fear, n = 168)
Risk factor | Score | Odds ratio (OR) | OR 95% Confidence Intervals | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male (referent) Female | 1.24 | 0.64,2.37 | 0.65 |
Age | 18–88 | 0.97 | 0.95,1.00 | 0.1 |
Number of swollen joints | 0–28 | 0.91 | 0.85,0.99 | 0.02 |
Number of tender joints | 0–28 | 0.97 | 0.89,1.04 | 0.4 |
DAS28 Score | 0.1–8.9 | 1.37 | 0.95,1.99 | 0.1 |
Psychotropic medicines | No (referent) | 1.15 | 0.44,3.00 | 0.8 |
Yes | ||||
Four or more types of medicines | No (referent) | 1.74 | 0.82,3.68 | 0.1 |
Yes | ||||
Taking steroids at baseline | No (referent) | 1.33 | 0.58,3.03 | 0.5 |
Yes | ||||
History of stroke or Parkinson’s disease | No (referent) | 0.53 | 0.14,1.92 | 0.3 |
Yes | ||||
VAS pain score | 0–10 | 1.00 | 0.85,1.16 | 0.9 |
VAS fatigue score | 0–10 | 1.03 | 0.90,1.17 | 0.7 |
History of falls in previous 12 months | 0 fall (referent) 1 fall 2 or more falls | 1.56 5.43 | 0.70,3.52 1.81,16.27 | 0.3 0.003 |
Number of joint replacement | 0–6 | 0.87 | 0.57,1.33 | 0.5 |
History of previous injuries | No (referent) | 1.11 | 0.48,2.57 | 0.8 |
Yes | ||||
History of previous surgery | No (referent) | 0.66 | 0.33,1.30 | 0.2 |
Yes | ||||
Painful feet | No (referent) | 2.34 | 1.11,4.52 | 0.025 |
Yes | ||||
HAQ score | 1.00–4.00 | 7.79 | 3.87,15.69 | < 0.001 |
Four test balance scalea: | ||||
Semi- tandem stand | 2 | 1.15 | 0.50,2.64 | 0.7 |
Tandem stand | 3 | 0.71 | 0.30,1.67 | 0.4 |
One – leg stand | 4 (referent) | |||
Complaints of feeling dizzy or unsteady | No (referent) | 3.81 | 2.01,7.22 | < 0.001 |
Yes | ||||
Time taken for chair stand test | 4–104 s | 1.05 | 1.00, 1.10 | 0.048 |