A randomized controlled trial investigating effects of an individualized pedometer driven walking program on chronic low back pain

Lang, Angelica E.; Hendrick, Paul A.; Clay, Lynne; Mondal, Prosanta; Trask, Catherine M.; Bath, Brenna; Penz, Erika D.; Stewart, Samuel A.; Baxter, G. David; Hurley, Deidre A.; McDonough, Suzanne M.; Milosavljevic, Stephan

doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04060-8

Table 3 Multivariable mixed effects model comparing WG to SG for change in all outcomes from baseline to 12 months

From: A randomized controlled trial investigating effects of an individualized pedometer driven walking program on chronic low back pain

	COVARIATES			CHANGE SCORE
	Baseline	Estimate (−/+ 95%CI)	p=		3 month (−/+ 95%CI)	p=	6 month (−/+ 95%CI)	p=	12 month (−/+ 95%CI)	p=
ODI	Intercept WG	9.9 (2.8 to 17.0)		WG	−5.6 (−7.4 to −3.8)	< 0.0001	− 7.2 (−9.2 to − 5.2)	< 0.0001	−7.8 (− 8.9 to − 6.7)	< 0.0001
	Intercept SG	11.4 (4.1 to 18.7)	0.36	SG	−2.8 (− 5.5 to − 0.1)	0.04	− 3.9 (− 6.8 to − 1.0)	0.01	−4.7 (− 6.3 to − 3.1)	0.003
				WG-SG	−2.8 (− 6.1 to 0.5)	0.09	−3.3 (− 6.8 to 0.2)	0.06	− 3.1 (− 5.0 to − 1.2)	0.10
	Gender(M)	−1.7 (− 4.6 to 1.2)	0.23
	Age	0.22 (0.14 to 0.30)	< 0.0001
	BMI	0.03 (−0.21 to 0.27)	0.8
IPAQ	Intercept WG	3676.7 (1718.1 to 5635.3)		WG	377.7 (− 396.9 to 1152.3)	0.34	−322.1 (− 1147.5 to 503.3)	0.44	− 136.9 (− 1003.2 to 729.4)	0.76
	Intercept SG	4311.9 (2305.3 to 6318.5)	0.23	SG	−843.7 (− 1989.7 to 302.3)	0.15	− 1386.0 (− 2565.7 to − 206.3)	0.22	− 202.2 (− 1516.0 to 1111.6)	0.76
				WG-SG	− 1222.3 (− 2605.9 to 161.3)	0.08	− 1063.9 (− 2503.1 to 375.3)	0.15	−65.3 (− 1640.7 to 1510.1)	0.94
	Gender(M)	1334.1 (552.1 to 2116.1)	0.0009
	Age	−14.6 (−38.1 to 8.9)	0.22
	BMI	−25.5 (−89.0 to 38.0)	0.43
FABQ	Intercept WG	16.6 (9.0 to 24.2)		WG	−5.4 (−7.8 to −3.0)	< 0.0001	− 5.7 (−8.1 to − 3.3)	< 0.0001	−7.5 (−10.0 to − 5.0)	< 0.0001
	Intercept SG	17.2 (9.4 to 25.0)	0.75	SG	−1.6 (−4.9 to 1.7)	0.34	− 4.5 (− 8.0 to − 1.0)	0.01	− 5.4 (−9.1 to − 1.7)	0.005
				WG-SG	3.8 (−0.3 to 7.9)	0.07	1.2 (− 3.1 to 5.5)	0.59	2.1 (−2.6 to 6.8)	0.38
	Gender(M)	3.1 (0.0 to 6.2)	0.05
	Age	0.06 (−0.04 to 0.16)	0.23
	BMI	0.15 (−0.09 to 0.39)	0.24
FABQ (PA)	Intercept WG	8.6 (5.1 to 12.1)		WG	−2.8 (−4.0 to −1.6)	< 0.0001	−2.8 (− 4.2 to − 1.4)	< 0.0001	− 2.3 (−3.7 to − 0.9)	< 0.0001
	Intercept SG	10.3 (6.8 to 13.8)	0.06	SG	−0.5 (− 2.3 to 1.3)	0.06	−3.1 (−5.1 to − 1.1)	0.001	−2.2 (− 4.2 to − 0.2)	0.02
				WG-SG	−2.3 (− 4.5 to − 0.1)	0.03	−0.3 (− 2.1 to 1.5)	0.80	0.1 (− 2.3 to 2.5)	0.30
	Gender(M)	1.0 (−0.4 to 2.4)	0.15
	Age	0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05)	0.30
	BMI	0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05)	0.72
FABQ(W)	Intercept WG	8.1 (2.0 to 14.2)		WG	−2.6 (−4.2 to −1.0)	0.002	−3.0 (− 4.8 to − 1.2)	0.001	−4.0 (−6.0 to − 2.0)	< 0.0001
	Intercept SG	7.0 (0.9 to 13.1)	0.45	SG	−0.9 (−3.3 to 1.5)	0.48	−1.4 (−3.9 to 1.1)	0.29	−3.0 (−5.7 to − 0.3)	0.03
				WG-SG	1.8 (−1.1 to 4.7)	0.23	1.6 (−1.5 to 4.7)	0.31	1.0 (−2.3 to 4.3)	0.55
	Gender(M)	2.2 (−0.3 to 4.7)	0.08
	Age	0.03 (−0.05 to 0.11)	0.42
	BMI	0.13 (−0.07 to 0.33)	0.19
BBQ	Intercept WG	32.2 (27.7 to 36.7)		WG	1.0 (−0.6 to 2.6)	0.19	1.3 (−0.3 to 2.9)	0.11	1.2 (−0.5 to 2.9)	0.16
	Intercept SG	30.7 (26.0 to 35.4)	0.20	SG	0.8 (−1.4 to 3.0)	0.49	0.4 (−2.0 to 2.8)	0.77	1.6 (−1.1 to 4.3)	0.23
				WG-SG	−0.2 (−2.9 to 2.5)	0.87	−1.0 (−3.9 to 1.9)	0.50	0.3 (−1.4 to 2.0)	0.16
	Gender(M)	−2.7 (−4.5 to −0.9)	0.005
	Age	0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08)	0.40
	BMI	−0.07 (− 0.23 to 0.09)	0.39
Self-Efficacy	Intercept WG	16.1 (13.2 to 19.0)		WG	−1.1 (−1.9 to −0.3)	0.02	−1.3 (−2.3 to − 0.3)	0.008	− 0.4 (− 1.4 to 0.6)	0.40
	Intercept SG	14.7 (11.8 to 17.6)	0.04	SG	0.3 (−0.9 to 1.5)	0.69	−1.3 (−2.7 to 0.1)	0.07	−0.2 (− 1.6 to 1.2)	0.77
				WG-SG	1.3 (−0.3 to 2.9)	0.08	−0.02 (−1.8 to 1.4)	0.99	−0.4 (−2.2 to 1.4)	0.40
	Gender(M)	0.5 (−0.7 to 1.7)	0.36
	Age	−0.0002 (− 0.0008 to 0.0004)	0.99
	BMI	−0.01 (− 0.17 to 0.15)	0.81
EQ-5D-5L	Intercept WG	0.832 (0.769 to 0.895)		WG	0.034 (0.016 to 0.052)	0.003	0.043 (0.023 to 0.063)	< 0.0001	0.038 (0.018 to 0.058)	0.0003
	Intercept SG	0.801 (0.772 to 0.830)	0.04	SG	0.020 (−0.007 to 0.047)	0.14	0.041 (0.012 to 0.070)	0.006	0.050 (0.021 to 0.079)	0.001
				WG-SG	0.013 (−0.018 to 0.044)	0.42	0.002 (−0.033 to 0.037)	0.91	0.012 (−0.023 to 0.047)	0.52
	Gender(M)	−0.006 (− 0.009 to − 0.004)	0.67
	Age	−0.0007 (− 0.0014 to 0.0000)	0.09
	BMI	−0.00002 (− 0.00004 to 0.0000)	0.98

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