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Table 1 Sociodemographic, pain-related, functional and psychological variables at baseline

From: The virtue of optimistic realism - expectation fulfillment predicts patient-rated global effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty

Sociodemographic variables and Body Mass Index

 Gender, No.

49 women; 41 men

 Age at examination, years, mean ± SD

63 ± 12.87

Degree of school education, No. (%)

 No graduation

1 (1%)

 „Haupt−/Volksschule “a

36 (40%)

 „Realschule/mittlere Reife“b

27 (30%)

 „Fachhochschule, Abitur, allg. Hochschule“c

26 (29%)

 Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m2; mean ± SD

27.57 ± 4.66

Pain characteristics

 Average hip pain in the last 3 months before surgery, Numeric Rating Scale (0–10), median (1st; 3rd quartile)

6 (4; 7)

Overall severity of chronic pain condition, Chronic Pain Grade (von Korff), No. (%)

 Grade 1

15 (17%)

 Grade 2

20 (23%)

 Grade 3

17 (18%)

 Grade 4

38 (42%)

Pain chronicity, MPSSd, No. (%)

 Stage I (low)

36 (40%)

 Stage II (medium)

37 (41%)

 Stage III (high)

17 (19%)

Duration of hip pain, time intervals, No. (%)

 1 to 12 months

18 (20.1%)

 12 to 24 months

22 (24.4%)

 2 to 5 years

31 (34.4%)

 More than 5 years

19 (21.1%)

 Pressure pain threshold (PPT), kPa, mean ± SD

391.55 ± 179.35

Functional capacity

 Walking ability, Timed up and go test score, median level, (1st; 3rd quartile)

2 (2; 2)

 Hip function and mobility, WOMACe score, mean ± SD

53.09 ± 20.82

Psychological variables

 Health-related quality of life, SF-12f, mean ± SD

  SF-12 Physical

29.89 ± 7.85

  SF-12 Mental

49.23 ± 12.35

 Psychological distress, DASSg, median (1st; 3rd quartile)

  DASS Depression

3 (1; 5)

  DASS Anxiety

1 (0; 3)

DASS Stress

5 (2; 8)

 Somatization, PHQ-15h, median (1st; 3rd quartile)

5 (4; 8)

 Kinesiophobia, TSKi, median (1st; 3rd quartile)

36 (31; 41)

Cognitive appraisal of pain, KPIj, median (1st; 3rd quartile)

 Catastrophizing thought scale

2 (0.47; 3.11)

Helplessness scale

0.4 (0; 1.20)

 Thought suppression scale

2.75 (1.25; 3.75)

Fear of surgery, Numeric Rating Scale (0–10), median (1st; 3rd quartile)

3 (1; 6)

Fear of pain after surgery, Numeric Rating Scale (0–10), median (1st; 3rd quartile)

2 (1; 5)

  1. Descriptive statistics are based on N = 76–90 subjects due to varying numbers of missing data per variable
  2. a”Hauptschule” in Germany refers to the final examination at grade 9
  3. b”Realschule” finishes after grade 10 with the degree “mittlere Reife”
  4. c”Gymnasium” finishes with the final examination called “Abitur” after grade 13
  5. dMPSS Mainz Pain Staging System (Schmitt et al., [32])
  6. eWOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (Stucki et al., [33])
  7. fSF-12 short form of the Health Survey Questionnaire (Jenkinson et al., [34])
  8. gDASS Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (Nilges und Essau, [35])
  9. hPHQ-15 Patient Health Questionnaire (Kroenke et al. [36])
  10. iTSK Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (Roelofs et al. [37])
  11. jKPI Kiel Pain Inventory (Hasenbring, [38])