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Table 1 Included trials

From: Identification of subgroup effect with an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of three different types of therapist-delivered care in low back pain

Given name of trial

Country

Number of participants

Grouping of treatments

Interventions tested

Witt [16]

Germany

3093

Passive physical

Acupuncture

Control

Usual/GP care control

UK BEAM [17]

United Kingdom

1334

Active physical

Exercise

Passive physical

Manipulation

Combination

Combination (exercise + manipulation)

Control

Usual/GP care control

Haake [18]

Germany

1163

Passive physical

Acupuncture

Control

Usual/GP care control

Sham control

Sham acupuncture

BeST [19]

United Kingdom

701

Psychological

Psychological plus exercise/activities

Control

Usual/GP care control

Keele [20]

United Kingdom

402

Passive physical

Manipulation

Psychological

Psychological

Brinkhaus [21]

Germany

298

Passive physical

Acupuncture

Control

Usual/GP care control

Sham control

Sham acupuncture

Dufour [22]

Denmark

286

Passive physical

Individual physiotherapy

Active physical

Exercise

Pengel [23]

Australia

260

Active physical

Exercise

Psychological

Advice/education

Combination

Combination (exercise + education)

Sham control

Sham electrotherapy + education

YACBAC [24]

United Kingdom

241

Passive physical

Acupuncture

Control

Usual/GP care control

Hancock [25]

Australia

240

Passive physical

Manipulation

Sham control

Sham electrotherapy

Von Korff BIA [26]

United States of America

240

Psychological

Psychological

Control

Usual/GP care control

HullExPro [27]

United Kingdom

237

Passive physical

Individual physiotherapy

Active physical

Exercise

Von Korff SC2 [28]

United States of America

226

Psychological

Psychological

Control

Usual/GP care control

Smeets [29]

The Netherlands

223

Active physical

Exercise

Active physical

Graded activity

Combination

Combination (education + graded activity)

Control

Usual/GP care control

Cecchi [30]

Italy

210

Passive physical

Individual physiotherapy

Passive physical

Manipulation

Psychological

Advice/education

York BP [31]

United Kingdom

187

Active physical

Exercise

Control

Usual/GP care control

Macedo [32]

Australia

172

Psychological

Advice/education

Active physical

Graded activity

Carlsson [33]

Sweden

50

Passive physical

Acupuncture

Sham control

Sham TENS

Kennedy [34]

United Kingdom

48

Passive physical

Acupuncture

Sham control

Sham TENS