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Table 2 Outcomes of physical examination and stress sonography

From: Clinical evaluation of manual stress testing, stress ultrasound and 3D stress MRI in chronic mechanical ankle instability

Testing

Modality

CON

MAI

Group difference [95% CI upper; lower]

Sign.

Physical examination

TTT

1.8 ± .7

4.8 ± .5

3.0 [2.7; 3.4]

P < 0.001

ADT

1.3 ± .5

4.8 ± .5

3.5 [3.2; 3.8]

P < 0.001

Stress Sonography (mm)

TTT

At rest

24.7 ± 3.0

26.3 ± 3.8

1.6 [−.3; 3.6]

p = 0.1, F(1,49) = 2794 η2 = .06

150 N load

27.1 ± 3.7

31.5 ± 2.2

4.4 [2.7; 6.2]

p < 0.001, F(1,49) = 25,940 η2 = .36

load-rest

2.4 ± 2.1

5.2 ± 2.9

2.8 [1.4; 4.2]

p < 0.001, F(1,49) = 15,496 η2 = .25

ADT

At rest

27.8 ± 3.6

27.7 ± 2.7

0.1 [−1.7; 1.9]

p = 0.1, F(1,49) = 0,01 η2 = .00

150 N load

29.5 ± 3.2

31.9 ± 4.0

2.3 [0.3; 4.4]

p = 0.03, F(1,49) = 5074 η2 = .1

load-rest

2.0 ± 1.5

4.1 ± 2.4

2.06 [0.92; 3.2]

p < 0.001, F(1,49) = 13,563 η2 = .22

  1. CON control group, MAI mechanical instability group, TTT Talar tilt test, ADT anterior drawer test