Table 1 The characteristics of all participants (N = 6023)
Characteristics | Mean/Frequency | Standard deviation/Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 48.62 | 18.92 |
Years of school completed (years) | 11.12 | 3.85 |
Serum folate (nmol/L) | 15.67 | 12.44 |
Serum vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | 358.75 | 146.83 |
Serum vitamin C (mmol/L) | 41.25 | 24.65 |
Serum vitamin A (μmol/L) | 1.98 | 0.57 |
Serum vitamin E (μmol/L) | 26.60 | 11.39 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.42 | 5.66 |
Bone mineral density of femur neck (g/cm2) | 0.83 | 0.17 |
Bone mineral density of total region (g/cm2) | 0.95 | 0.18 |
Sex | ||
Male | 2686 | 44.60 |
Female | 3337 | 55.40 |
Race | ||
White | 4164 | 69.13 |
Black | 1859 | 30.87 |
Ethnicity | ||
Mexican-American | 1484 | 24.64 |
Not Hispanic | 4539 | 75.36 |
Race-ethnicity | ||
Non-Hispanic white | 2687 | 44.61 |
Non-Hispanic black | 1852 | 30.75 |
Mexican-American | 1484 | 24.64 |
Smoking | ||
No | 4479 | 74.36 |
Yes | 1544 | 25.64 |
Alcohol consumption | ||
No | 5230 | 86.83 |
Yes | 793 | 13.17 |
Living regionss | ||
Urban | 2825 | 46.90 |
Rural | 3198 | 53.10 |
Physical activity | ||
No | 3512 | 58.31 |
Yes | 2511 | 41.69 |
History of fracture | ||
No | 5489 | 91.13 |
Yes | 534 | 8.87 |
History of hypertension | ||
No | 2490 | 41.34 |
Yes | 3533 | 58.66 |
History of diabetes | ||
No | 1104 | 18.33 |
Yes | 4919 | 81.67 |