Table 2 Postoperative early-phase outcomes

 Drain output volume (mL)

78.5 ± 38.4^c

63.3 ± 31.8^c

120.1 ± 57.4^{a, b}

21.522

< 0.001

 VAS score

2.7 ± 1.0^c

2.4 ± 1.1^c

3.5 ± 0.9^{a, b}

12.793

< 0.001

 Patellar circumference (cm)

18.1 ± 5.0^c

19.4 ± 6.2^c

24.6 ± 7.0^{a, b}

12.549

< 0.001

 Hemarthrosis grade, 0/1/2/3/4, n.

9/16/8/5/2^c

8/16/11/4/1 ^c

0/5/11/15/9^{a, b}

35.221

< 0.001^*

 VAS score

2.3 ± 1.1^c

2.2 ± 1.1^c

3.1 ± 1.1^{a, b}

8.343

< 0.001

 Patellar circumference (cm)

11.2 ± 4.2^c

10.0 ± 3.4^c

16.0 ± 5.4^{a, b}

20.446

< 0.001

 Hemarthrosis grade, 0/1/2/3/4, n.

13/19/6/2/0^c

13/18/8/1/0^c

4/16/16/4/0^{a, b}

13.186

0.031

 VAS score

1.7 ± 1.2

1.7 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 1.4

0.265

0.768

 Patellar circumference (cm)

5.7 ± 3.1

5.3 ± 3.2

5.8 ± 3.9

0.258

0.773

 Hemarthrosis grade, 0/1/2/3/4, n.

16/17/5/2/0

18/17/2/3/0

11/18/8/3/0

5.742

0.455

 Lysholm score

80.9 ± 11.8

82.1 ± 11.1

78.6 ± 10.6

1.026

0.362