Table 2 The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with LBP at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahirdar Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, and Black Lion Hospital, Ethiopia
Characteristics b | Acute (n = 52) | Chronic (n = 188) | Total (n = 240) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Mean (SD) age in years | 33.4 (9.92) | 43 (13.69) | 40.93 (13.5) | |
Sex | Male | 25 (48.1%) | 73 (38.8%) | 98 (40.8%) |
Female | 27 (51.9%) | 115 (61.2%) | 142 (59.2%) | |
Marital status | Single | 19 (36.5%) | 46 (24.5%) | 65 (27.1%) |
Married | 29 (55.8%) | 113 (60.1%) | 142 (59.2%) | |
Cohabited | 0 (0%) | 10 (5.3%) | 10 (4.2%) | |
Divorced | 2 (3.8%) | 14 (7.4%) | 16 (6.7%) | |
Widowed | 2 (3.8%) | 5 (2.7%) | 7 (2.9%) | |
Educational status/level | Uneducated | 1 (1.9%) | 17 (9.0%) | 18 (7.5%) |
Primary School | 10 (19.2%) | 35 (18.6%) | 45 (18.8%) | |
Secondary School | 18 (34.6%) | 65 (34.6%) | 83 (34.6%) | |
Tertiary School (College or University) | 23 (44.2%) | 71 (37.8%) | 94 (39.2%) | |
Residence | Rural | 7 (13.5%) | 19 (10.1%) | 26 (10.8%) |
Urban | 45 (86.5%) | 169 (89.9%) | 214 (89.2%) | |
Religion | Orthodox Christian | 36 (69.2%) | 158 (84.0% | 194 (80.8%) |
Muslim | 9 (17.3%) | 18 (9.6%) | 27 (11.3%) | |
Protestant | 6 (11.5%) | 10 (5.3%) | 16 (6.7%) | |
Atheist | 0 (%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.40%) | |
Others | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.80%) | |
Employment / work status | Employed (government or private) | 29 (55.8%) | 102 (54.3%) | 131 (54.6%) |
Farmer | 3 (5.8%) | 9 (4.8%) | 12 (5%) | |
Housewife | 8 (15.4%) | 36 (19.1%) | 44 (18.3%) | |
Student | 7 (13.5%) | 8 (4.3%) | 15 (6.3%) | |
Retired | 5 (9.6%) | 13 (6.9%) | 18 (7.5%) | |
Others | 0 (0%) | 20 (10.6%) | 20 (8.3%) | |
Diagnosis provided on patient’s medical chart | No clear diagnosis provided | 28 (53.8%) | 91 (48.4%) | 119 (49.6%) |
LBP secondary to disc prolapse | 15 (28.8%) | 54 (28.7%) | 69 (28.8%) | |
LBP secondary to degenerative changes | 6 (11.5%) | 13 (6.9) | 33 (13.8%) | |
Other causes | 3 (5.8%) | 30 (16%) | 19 (7.9%) | |
Pain management documented on medical charts | A combination of physiotherapy and pain killers | 15 (28.8%) | 60 (31.9%) | 75 (31.3%) |
Pain killers only | 13 (25%) | 39 (20.7%) | 52 (21.7%) | |
Physiotherapy only | 9 (17.3%) | 50 (26.6) | 59 (24.6%) | |
None | 15 (28.8%) | 39 (20.7%) | 54 (22.5%) | |
Mean (SD) duration of pain in months | 1.63 (0.67) | 52.7 (53.6) | 41.7 (51.8) | |
Mean Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (0–60) (SD) | 40.5 (13.5) | 44.8 (11.5) | 43.8 (12) | |
SF-36 (0–100) a | ||||
 Physical functioning (PF)c | 57.5 (35) | 55 (35) | 55 (35) | |
 Role Functioning Physical (RP)c | 25 (25) | 25 (50) | 25 (50) | |
 Role Functioning Emotional (RE)c | 0 (33) | 0 (33) | 0 (100) | |
 Energy (VT) c | 65 (23.8) | 60 (20) | 60 (20) | |
 Emotional Well-Being (EW) c | 68 (23) | 64 (24) | 68 (84) | |
 Social Functioning (SF) c | 75 (34.4) | 75 (25) | 75 (25) | |
 Bodily Pain (BP) c | 32.5 (30.4) | 45 (35) | 37.5 (35) | |
 General health perception (GH) c | 60 (23.8) | 50 (25) | 55(25) | |