Table 1 Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

 • Patient is scheduled to undergo one of the following procedures:

   • Primary single-level or two-level ACDF or ACDA for degenerative disease

   • Primary 1st CMC arthroplasty

   • Primary Hallux Valgus or Hallux Rigidus correction

   • Diagnostic knee arthroscopy +/− meniscal debridement

   • Elective primary total shoulder or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

   • Primary total hip arthroplasty

Exclusion Criteria:

• Revision surgery for one of the study-specific procedures

• Chronic opioid therapy – per investigator discretion

• Significant liver disease – (NOTE: Patients with a history of liver disease had a hepatic panel drawn that was reviewed by the study investigator to assess if the values were within acceptable limits for inclusion in the study)

• Fracture or soft tissue injury

• Sickle cell disease

• Workers compensation

• Alcohol dependence

• Contra-indication to regional anesthesia

• History of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding or peptic ulcer

• History of bleeding problems

• Patients taking anticoagulants, not including aspirin (only applied to Randomized portion of study. These patients could still participate in Observational Control Group)

• Renal insufficiency – Creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min (only applied to patients having surgery requiring NSAID treatment)

• Hammertoe in isolation (Hallux Valgus/Rigidus exclusion only)

• Concomitant meniscal repair or microfracture (Knee Arthroscopy exclusion only)

• Ineligible for spinal anesthesia (THA exclusion only)

• Previous ipsilateral hip surgery, not including hip scope (THA exclusion only)

• Allergy to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)