Table 4 Previous reported results of different tourniquet application strategy
Author | Location | Patients No. | Tourniquet application strategy | Results | Authors opinion | Study type | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tourniquet group | Non-tourniquet group | Limited tourniquet group | ||||||
Ozkunt 2018 | Turkey | 24 | 25 | 20 | Tourniquet usage during the entire operation/no use tourniquet/use of tourniquet at the time of cementation | Long-duration tourniquet use can lead higher pain scores and reduce functional recovery after TKA | Prefer to non-tourniquet | RCT |
Zhi 2017 | China | 94 | 36 | – | Tourniquet utilization lasted from the beginning of cutting bone to the end of binding up | Tourniquet is not associated with reduced blood loss and increased complications | Prefer to tourniquet | Retrospective |
Vertullo 2017 | Australia | 20 | 20 | – | Tourniquet was inflated to 300 mmHg for the duration of the cementing procedure | Tourniquet inflation during cementation does not appear to improve tibial cementation penetration | Prefer to non-tourniquet | RCT |
Pfitzner 2016 | Germany | 45 | 45 | – | Tourniquet was inflated from skin incision until skin closure | Tourniquet application increased cement mantle thickness also increase blood loss and postoperative pain | Neutral opinion | RCT |
Dennis 2016 | USA | 28 | 28 (not used or only during cementation) | Tourniquet was inflated before the incision and released after cementation | Tourniquet inflation diminished quadriceps strength during the first 3 months | Prefer to non-tourniquet | RCT | |
Fan 2014 | China | 30 | – | 30 | Tourniquet was used throughout the surgical procedure or starting during the cementation | Tourniquet limited usage provided the benefits | Prefer to tourniquet | RCT |
Tarwala 2014 | USA | 39 | – | 36 | Use of a tourniquet throughout TKA procedure or only during cementation | Tourniquet inflation for cementation only provide the benefit of bloodless bone for fixation | Prefer to non-tourniquet | RCT |
Huang 2014 | China | 30 | – | 30 30 | Three different tourniquet application strategies | Using a tourniquet full time causes intraoperative blood loss and more excessive inflammation and muscle damage | Prefer to non-tourniquet | RCT |
Tai 2012 | China | 36 | 36 | – | Tourniquet was inflated during operation and released after joint capsule closed | Tourniquet application was effective for reducing blood loss and avoiding inflammation and muscle damage | Prefer to tourniquet | RCT |