Hyperalgesia affects muscle activity and knee range of motion during a single-limb mini squat in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Integrated muscle electromyography activity during the single-limb mini squat

Muscles	HG Mean ± SD	KOAG Mean ± SD	F	*p-value*
Phase 1 (eccentric contraction)
Gastrocnemius medialis	0.136 ± 0.062	0.176 ± 0.064	6.526	0.013*
Erector spinae_R	0.194 ± 0.072	0.210 ± 0.069	0.872	0.354
Erector spinae_L	0.191 ± 0.048	0.218 ± 0.055	3.799	0.056
Gluteus medius	0.166 ± 0.062	0.163 ± 0.052	0.003	0.956
Rectus femoris	0.238 ± 0.069	0.273 ± 0.060	1.791	0.186
Vastus medialis	0.282 ± 0.053	0.278 ± 0.064	0.388	0.536
Vastus lateralis	0.925 ± 0.079	0.892 ± 0.130	1.160	0.286
Tibialis anterior	0.118 ± 0.068	0.165 ± 0.074	5.167	0.027*
Biceps femoris	0.202 ± 0.070	0.181 ± 0.079	0.239	0.627
Phase 2 (concentric contraction)
Gastrocnemius medialis	0.070 ± 0.051	0.116 ± 0.059	7.979	0.007*
Erector spinae _R	0.135 ± 0.054	0.136 ± 0.057	0.581	0.449
Erector spinae _L	0.256 ± 0.054	0.262 ± 0.045	0.418	0.521
Gluteus medius	0.130 ± 0.093	0.228 ± 0.113	9.999	0.003*
Rectus femoris	0.294 ± 0.052	0.302 ± 0.051	0.609	0.438
Vastus medialis	0.171 ± 0.050	0.184 ± 0.053	0.932	0.338
Vastus lateralis	0.218 ± 0.094	0.241 ± 0.067	0.527	0.471
Tibialis anterior	0.183 ± 0.077	0.209 ± 0.076	1.820	0.183
Biceps femoris	0.111 ± 0.061	0.125 ± 0.072	1.706	0.197

HG Healthy group, KOAG Knee osteoarthritis group, R right, L left. *p-value≤0.05. Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Weight = 73.90

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