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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate regression analyses of factors associated with increased falls and fracture risk

From: Applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework to determine the predictors of falls and fractures in people with osteoarthritis or at high risk of developing osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

 

Risk of falls

Risk of fractures

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Final model

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Final model

IRR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

Presence of OA

Knee OA only

0.97

0.91, 1.04

  

0.92

0.85, 1.00

0.86

0.72, 1.02

  

0.73

0.56, 0.94

Hip OA only

1.07

0.95, 1.21

  

1.01

0.88, 1.17

1.05

0.76, 1.45

  

0.81

0.52, 1.26

Knee and hip OA

1.10

1.02, 1.20

  

0.92

0.82, 1.03

1.32

1.06, 1.64

  

0.90

0.62, 1.29

Personal factors

Age

1.00

1.00, 1.01

1.00

1.00, 1.01

1.00

1.00, 1.01

1.01

1.00, 1.02

1.01

1.00, 1.02

1.01

1.00, 1.02

Female

1.17

1.10, 1.24

1.14

1.07, 1.22

1.12

1.04, 1.20

1.46

1.25, 1.71

1.21

0.99, 1.46

 

Previous history of falls

1.56

1.48, 1.64

1.51

1.42, 1.60

1.50

1.40, 1.60

1.49

1.29, 1.72

1.28

1.07, 1.52

1.38

1.13, 1.69

Depression

1.01

1.01, 1.01

1.01

1.00, 1.01

1.00

1.00, 1.01

1.02

1.01, 1.03

1.01

1.00, 1.03

 

> 1 co-morbid conditions

1.13

1.05, 1.21

1.05

0.98, 1.12

 

1.50

1.22, 1.76

1.33

1.10, 1.60

1.45

1.17, 1.81

Opioid use

1.20

1.08, 1.33

1.07

0.95, 1.21

1.60

1.22, 2.10

1.35

0.96, 1.89

 

Bisphosphonate use

 

1.78

1.48, 2.14

1.64

1.32, 2.05

1.78

1.40, 2.27

Environmental factors

Married

0.92

0.87, 0.98

1.00

0.91, 1.09

 

0.76

0.66, 0.89

0.80

0.64, 1.00

 

Lived alone

1.13

1.06, 1.20

1.13

1.02, 1.24

1.02

0.94, 1.10

1.30

0.10, 1.53

1.08

0.84, 1.38

Impairments in body function and structures

Knee pain

1.00

0.99, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

 

1.00

0.99, 1.00

1.00

0.99, 1.00

 

Knee stiffness

1.03

1.01, 1.04

1.02

1.00, 1.05

1.05

1.00, 1.09

1.02

0.96, 1.09

Flexor strength

0.93

0.89, 0.96

 

0.97

0.88, 1.0

 

Extensor strength

0.96

0.94, 0.98

0.97

0.94, 0.99

0.99

0.97, 1.02

0.95

0.90, 1.00

0.96

0.90, 1.01

Activity limitations

Physical function

1.00

1.00, 1.01

1.00

1.00, 1.00

 

1.00

1.00, 1.01

1.00

0.99, 1.00

 

Chair stands

0.72

0.59, 0.87

0.81

0.64, 1.01

0.81

0.46, 1.43

 

20 m walk test

0.82

0.73, 0.93

1.03

0.85, 1.25

0.50

0.35, 0.71

0.58

0.34, 0.99

0.85

0.51, 1.42

400 m walk test

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

 

Participation restrictions

Employed

0.90

0.85, 0.95

0.94

0.87, 1.00

 

0.82

0.71, 0.95

0.89

0.74, 1.06

 

Physical activity

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

 

Sport and recreation

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

1.00, 1.00

1.00

0.99, 1.00

1.00

0.99, 1.00

1.00

0.99, 1.00

  1. OA osteoarthritis, IRR incident rate ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals
  2. Final model for falls risk included presence of OA, age, gender, previous history of falls, depression, living situation, extensor strength, mobility limitations (400 m walk test) and difficulties with sport and recreation
  3. Final model for fracture risk included presence of OA, age, previous history of falls, number of co-morbid conditions, bisphosphonate use, mobility limitations (20 m walk test) and difficulties with sport and recreation
  4. Significant results (p ≤ 0.05) in bold
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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2474

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