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Table 5 Factors affecting the hallux valgus angle according to GMFCS level

From: Progression of planovalgus deformity in patients with cerebral palsy

 

Estimate

95% CI

p Value

GMFCS level I

 Intercept

6.34

3.38 to 9.31

<0.0001

 Age

0.48

0.34 to 0.61

<0.0001

 Sex (female)

2.29

-0.02 to 4.59

0.0515

 Involvement (bilateral)

1.92

-0.44 to 4.27

0.1088

 No TAL/Strayer

-0.71

-2.69 to 1.26

0.4758

 Side (left)

-0.45

-1.70 to 0.82

0.4840

GMFCS level II

 Intercept

6.38

0.52 to 12.24

0.0332

 Age

0.66

0.43 to 0.89

<0.0001

 Sex (female)

4.45

1.12 to 7.78

0.0093

 Involvement (bilateral)

-1.65

-7.08 to 3.79

0.5490

 No TAL/Strayer

-0.94

-3.36 to 1.48

0.4406

 Side (left)

0.32

-0.79 to 1.43

0.5693

GMFCS level III

 Intercept

2.03

-10.04 to 14.10

0.7334

 Age

1.19

0.80 to 1.59

<0.0001

 Sex (female)

1.55

-2.38 to 5.47

0.4346

 Involvement (bilateral)

0.48

-11.22 to 12.18

0.9353

 No TAL/Strayer

3.43

-3.92 to 10.78

0.3558

 Side (left)

-0.21

-2.23 to 1.80

0.8325

  1. Linear mixed model was used to estimate factors affecting the hallux valgus angle. The Akaike information criteria were 1525, 1449, and 908 for each model
  2. GMFCS Gross Motor Function Classification System, CI confidence interval, TAL tendo-Achilles lengthening