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Table 1 Socio-demographic, clinical, sport, training characteristics and injuries locations by sport group

From: Musculoskeletal injuries in athletes from five modalities: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Rugby

n = 225

Soccer

n = 172

Combat

n = 86

Handball

n = 82

Water polo

n = 62

P-valuea

   

n (%)

   

Age (years)

 < 20

28 (12.4)

58 (33.7)

15 (17.4)

12 (14.6)

20 (32.3)

< 0.001

 20 to 24

96 (42.8)

47 (27.3)

32 (37.2)

27 (32.9)

20 (32.3)

 25 to 29

64 (28.4)

33 (19.2)

22 (25.6)

22 (26.8)

12 (19.3)

 ≥ 30

37 (16.4)

34 (19.8)

17 (19.8)

21 (25.7)

10 (16.1)

Sex

 Female

160 (71.1)

0 (0.0)

19 (22.1)

48 (58.5)

26 (41.9)

< 0.001

 Male

65 (28.9)

172 (100.0)

67 (77.9)

34 (41.5)

36 (58.1)

Height (centimeters)

 < 165

89 (39.6)

5 (2.9)

16 (18.6)

7 (8.5)

9 (14.5)

< 0.001

 165 to 174

72 (32.0)

45 (26.2)

36 (41.9)

35 (42.7)

17 (27.4)

 175 to 184

49 (21.8)

72 (41.9)

25 (29.0)

21 (25.6)

15 (24.2)

 ≥ 185

15 (6.6)

50 (29.1)

9 (10.5)

19 (23.2)

21 (33.9)

Alcohol consumptionb

 No

66 (29.3)

95 (55.2)

50 (58.8)

32 (40.0)

15 (24.2)

< 0.001

 Yes

159 (70.7)

77 (44.8)

35 (41.2)

48 (60.0)

47 (75.8)

Smokingc

 No

198 (88.0)

166 (96.5)

85 (98.8)

77 (95.1)

59 (95.2)

0.002

 Yes

27 (12.0)

6 (3.5)

1 (1.2)

4 (4.9)

3 (4.8)

Age at the beginning of sport practice (years)

 0 to 8

3 (1.3)

109 (63.3)

35 (40.7)

8 (9.8)

9 (14.5)

< 0.001

 9 to 13

23 (10.2)

43 (25.0)

23 (26.8)

43 (52.4)

34 (54.9)

 14 to 18

84 (37.4)

20 (11.6)

21 (24.4)

27 (32.9)

19 (30.6)

 > 18

115 (51.1)

0 (0.0)

7 (8.1)

4 (4.9)

0 (0.0)

Years of training

 0 to 5

131 (58.2)

8 (4.7)

9 (10.5)

12 (14.7)

8 (12.9)

< 0.001

 6 to 10

71 (31.6)

44 (25.5)

19 (22.1)

22 (26.8)

29 (46.8)

 > 10

23 (10.2)

120 (69.8)

58 (67.4)

48 (58.5)

25 (40.3)

Weekly training hours

 0 to 7

87 (38.7)

23 (13.4)

15 (17.4)

23 (28.1)

9 (14.5)

< 0.001

 8 to 14

104 (46.2)

83 (48.3)

16 (18.6)

38 (46.3)

13 (21.0)

 15 to 21

25 (11.1)

44 (25.6)

33 (38.4)

17 (20.7)

30 (48.4)

 > 21

9 (4.0)

22 (12.8)

22 (25.6)

4 (4.9)

10 (16.1)

Joint injury

233 (100.0)

100 (100.0)

158 (100.0)

36 (100.0)

51 (100.0)

< 0.001

   Hand

43 (18.4)

3 (3.0)

24 (15.2)

1 (2.8)

8 (15.7)

   Elbow

11 (4.7)

0 (0.0)

22 (13.9)

4 (11.1)

8 (15.7)

   Shoulder

58 (24.9)

15 (15.0)

34 (21.5)

7 (19.5)

16 (31.4)

   Knee

44 (18.9)

45 (45.0)

45 (28.5)

11 (30.5)

12 (23.5)

   Ankle

72 (30.9)

34 (34.0)

27 (17.1)

12 (33.3)

3 (5.9)

   Hip

5 (2.2)

3 (3.0)

6 (3.8)

1 (2.8)

4 (7.8)

Muscle injury

192 (100.0)

115 (100.0)

87 (100.0)

101 (100.0)

43 (100.0)

< 0.001

   Thoracic

12 (6.2)

1 (0.9)

8 (9.2)

3 (3.0)

2 (4.6)

   Forearm and arm

17 (8.8)

1 (0.9)

8 (9.2)

9 (8.9)

8 (18.7)

   Shoulder

33 (17.2)

3 (2.6)

19 (21.8)

16 (15.8)

20 (46.5)

   Anterior thigh

27 (14.1)

41 (35.7)

10 (11.5)

16 (15.8)

2 (4.6)

   Posterior thigh

42 (21.9)

48 (41.7)

15 (17.3)

28 (27.8)

2 (4.6)

   Lateral/medial leg

18 (9.4)

2 (1.7)

6 (6.9)

11 (10.9)

0 (0.0)

   Calf

26 (13.5)

15 (13.0)

10 (11.5)

7 (6.9)

2 (4.6)

   Hip

14 (7.3)

3 (2.6)

7 (8.0)

5 (5.0)

7 (16.4)

   Others

3 (1.6)

1 (0.9)

4 (4.6)

6 (5.9)

0 (0.0)

Tendinopathy

84 (100.0)

51 (100.0)

30 (100.0)

21 (100.0)

38 (100.0)

< 0.001

   Hand

9 (10.7)

3 (5.9)

9 (30.0)

2 (9.5)

1 (2.6)

   Elbow

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (10.0)

2 (9.5)

7 (18.4)

   Shoulder

23 (27.4)

9 (17.6)

9 (30.0)

7 (33.3)

25 (65.8)

   Knee

30 (35.7)

30 (58.9)

3 (10.0)

9 (42.9)

4 (10.6)

   Ankle

18 (21.4)

9 (17.6)

4 (13.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.6)

   Others

4 (4.8)

0 (0.0)

2 (6.7)

1 (4.8)

0 (0.0)

  1. aP-value ≤0.05 was obtained through the Chi-squared Test (Pearson p-value). b Information were obtained from 85 combat athletes and 80 handball athletes. c Information were obtained 81 handball athletes