Table 4 Associations between self-reported factors at baseline and musculoskeletal pain in elbows/hands at follow-up
From: Neck and upper extremity pain in sonographers – a longitudinal study
Pain at follow-up | Model 1a (unadjusted) | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 4d | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | N (%) | PR | CI | PR | CI | PR | CI | PR | CI | |
Elbow/hand pain at baseline | ||||||||||
No pain | 145 | 25 (17) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Pain | 63 | 40 (63) | 3.68 | (2.46–5.51) | 3.60 | (2.40–5.42) | 3.45 | (2.29–5.22) | ||
Years as a professional sonographer | ||||||||||
0.1–13 | 110 | 32 (29) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
13.1–36 | 98 | 32 (33) | 1.13 | (0.76–1.70) | 1.43 | (0.86–2.39) | ||||
Sonography (h/week) | ||||||||||
1–18 | 105 | 31(30) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
19–40 | 103 | 34 (33) | 1.12 | (0.75–1.67) | 1.19 | (0.80–1.77) | ||||
Echocardiography | ||||||||||
No | 56 | 17 (31) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Yes | 152 | 48 (32) | 0.96 | (0.61–1.52) | 0.96 | (0.61–1.51) | ||||
Bedside examinations | ||||||||||
No/Seldom | 145 | 42 (29) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
A few times per week/Daily | 62 | 22 (35) | 1.23 | (0.81–1.87) | 1.20 | (0.79–1.83) | ||||
Ergonomic adjustments possible | ||||||||||
Yes | 117 | 36 (31) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
No | 87 | 29 (33) | 1.08 | (0.72–1.62) | 1.09 | (0.74–1.62) | ||||
Good visual conditions | ||||||||||
Yes | 79 | 26 (33) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
No | 125 | 38 (30) | 0.92 | (0.61–1.39) | 0.87 | (0.58–1.31) | ||||
Satisfaction with computer workstation arrangements | ||||||||||
Very satisfied/Rather satisfied | 128 | 39 (30) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Neutral | 47 | 16 (34) | 1.12 | (0.69–1.80) | 1.13 | (0.71–1.80) | ||||
Rather/Very dissatisfied | 28 | 9 (32) | 1.02 | (0.58–1.92) | 1.13 | (0.63–2.05) | ||||
MEI | ||||||||||
Unexposed/Low (11–15) | 33 | 6 (18) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Medium/High (16–33) | 165 | 57 (63) | 1.90 | (0.89–4.04) | 1.87 | (0.89–3.95) | ||||
Job demands (cut-off: 2.44) | ||||||||||
Low | 108 | 29 (27) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
High | 100 | 36 (36) | 1.32 | (0.86–1.99) | 1.30 | (0.87–1.94) | ||||
Job control (cut-off: 2.83) | ||||||||||
Low | 113 | 39 (35) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
High | 95 | 26 (27) | 0.80 | (0.53–1.21) | 0.83 | (0.55–1.26) | ||||
Job support (cut-off: 2.87) | ||||||||||
Low | 122 | 43 (35) | 1 | 1 | ||||||
High | 86 | 22 (26) | 0.73 | (0.48–1.13) | 0.76 | (0.49–1.16) | ||||
Sensory demands (cut-off: 80) | ||||||||||
Low | 112 | 27 (24) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
High | 95 | 38 (40) | 1.65 | (1.10–2.50) | 1.63 | (1.08–2.45) | 1.63 | (1.08–2.45) | 1.46 | (1.00–2.12) |