Fig. 2

M1 macrophages’ influence on muscle/bone atrophy after nerve injury. We used a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model as a nerve injury model. a Hindlimb muscle weight was lower in the nerve injury group 1 week postoperatively than in the control group (n = 8, *P < 0.05). Center lines of box plot indicate median, box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers extend to minimum and maximum values. b Total hindlimb bone density decreased 2 weeks postoperatively in 5 weeks in the nerve injury group (n = 8, *P < 0.05). Dot plots indicate median, and error bars indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles. c Osteoclast numbers (purple) were higher as per immunohistochemical analysis in the femur in the nerve injury group 1 week postoperatively than in the control group (n = 8, *P < 0.05). d Lysosome-producing cells (*) increased 1 week postoperatively in the nerve injury group as per intravital imaging of nerves and muscles of LysM Cre tandem TOMATO mice (d-a, control group: d-b; R: lysosome-producing cell, G: cytoplasm, and B: nucleus). In the acute phase, macrophage (**) infiltration from the blood vessels to the muscles was observed from 2 h on intravital imaging of the nerves and muscles of CAG-EGFP mice (d-c, control group: d-d; R: blood flow, G: cytoplasm, B: nucleus, and W: macrophage). e M1 macrophage numbers were higher as per flow cytometry of the muscles in the nerve injury group 1 week postoperatively than in the control group (n = 8, *P < 0.05). f Inflammatory cytokine numbers were higher as per reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of the muscles in the nerve injury group 1 week postoperatively than in the control group (n = 8, *P < 0.05). The means for each group are shown with the top line of the bar. Error bars indicate standard deviation