Table 3 Comparison between the cases without LCS and those with LCS

Age, average, average (range), years

48.1 ± 17.3 (22–78)

66.4 ± 13.1 (27–90)*

Sex, female/male, No.

5/10

16/30

Concurrent spinal canal stenosis, No.

Cervical [Non-C-OPLL/C-OPLL]

8 (53.3%) [2/6]

15 (32.6%) [9/6]

Height, average (range), cm

164.0 ± 10.2 (148–179)

159.0 ± 9.9 (134–176)

Body weight, average (range), Kg

83.0 ± 27.3 (56.3-100.7)

65.9 ± 13.6 (44.2-103.4)*

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

Lumbar YAM, average (range), %

104.0 ± 15.6 (93–115)

103.1 ± 17.9 (75–147)

Femoral YAM, average (range), %

90.5 ± 27.6 (71–110)

82.8 ± 19.2 (62–137)

MMT, average (range),

Preoperative

4.0 ± 0.9 (2–5)

3.1 ± 1.5 (0–5)*

Operation

Surgical procedure

LAM/PDF, No

13/2

31/15

Decompressed OLF levels, average (range), No.

1.5 ± 1.1 (1–4)

1.5 ± 0.8 (1–4)

Outcomes

T-JOA score, average (range), points

Preoperative

6.3 ± 1.8 (2-8.5)

5.7 ± 2.0 (2–10)

Postoperative

8.7 ± 1.4 (5.5–11)♰

7.8 ± 1.6 (4.5–11)♰*

Recovery rate of T-JOA score, average (range), %

47.9 ± 29.2 (0-100)

36.4 ± 29.0 (-10-100)

VAS, average (range), mm

Preoperative

60.5 ± 27.6 (0-100)

75.7 ± 23.7 (30–100)

Postoperative

45.5 ± 29.5 (0–90)

55.2 ± 28.6 (10–100)♰

Radiological findings

Preoperative global spinal alignment

LL, average (range), degrees

42.8 ± 15.7 (11–65)

36.3 ± 14.8 (2–67)

PI, average (range), degrees

46.3 ± 5.6 (11–52)

46.6 ± 8.2 (22–63)

SS, average (range), degrees

30.9 ± 9.4 (8–58)

30.0 ± 10.4 (8–58)

TLK, average (range), degrees

12.5 ± 7.6 (-2-31)

11.3 ± 13.3 (-8-54)

TK, average (range), degrees

28.4 ± 11.8 (13–59)

22.4 ± 11.4 (2–50)

SVA, average (range), mm

18.5 ± 42.1 (-54-99)

55.6 ± 51.1 (-25-183)*

CT

DISH, No.

3 (20%)

16 (34.8%)

OLF, Unilateral/Bilateral/Bridged, No.

1/8/6

11/31/4*

Thickness of OLF, average (range), mm

4.8 ± 2.4 (2.4–10)

3.2 ± 1.7 (1-8.9)*

MRI

OLF, Round/Beak, No.

8/7

29/17

Modic change, No.

3 (20%)

26 (56.5%)*

HIA, No.

11 (73.3%)

40 (87.0%)