The association between keloid and osteoporosis: real-world evidence

Table 5 Joint effect of keloid and comorbidities on the risk of osteoporosis

Variables		N	Osteoporosis	Rate	Adjusted HR (95% CI)
Keloid	Hyperlipidemia
No	No	30,191	251	0.56	1.00 (Reference)
No	Yes	4197	336	5.58	1.37 (1.13–1.65)^**
Yes	No	6826	60	1.56	2.48 (1.85–3.33)^**
Yes	Yes	1771	118	11.07	3.75 (2.93–4.80)^**
Keloid	Chronic liver disease
No	No	29,441	338	0.77	1.00 (Reference)
No	Yes	4947	249	3.45	1.19 (1.00–1.43)^#
Yes	No	6411	81	2.28	2.34 (1.82–3.01)^**
Yes	Yes	2186	97	7.15	3.56 (2.77–4.58)^**
Keloid	Stroke
No	No	33,858	501	0.99	1.00 (Reference)
No	Yes	530	86	11.85	1.45 (1.14–1.85)^*
Yes	No	8335	143	3.01	2.59 (2.13–3.16)^**
Yes	Yes	262	35	23.55	4.21 (2.94–6.03)^**
Keloid	Depression
No	No	32,114	467	0.98	1.00 (Reference)
No	Yes	2274	120	3.62	1.18 (0.96–1.46)^#
Yes	No	7531	125	2.92	2.45 (1.98–3.02)^**
Yes	Yes	1066	53	8.46	3.92 (2.90–5.29)^**

^a Rate, incidence rate in per 1000 person-years; 95% CI 95% Confidence interval; HR Hazard ratio
^* P< 0.01, ^**P< 0.001, ^# non-significant

ISSN: 1471-2474