Upfront surgery is not advantageous compared to more conservative treatments such as observation or medical treatment for patients with desmoid tumors

Table 4 Univariate predictors of recurrence-free survival in patients initially treated with local treatment

Variable	Patients (n)	5-year recurrence-free survival (95% CI, %)	P value
*Age at diagnosis (years)*
≤30	22	72.4 (50.6–87.1)	0.711
> 30	38	62.8 (44.6–78.0)	0.711
*Sex*
Male	23	50.2 (30.1–70.2)	0.021^a
Female	37	76.9 (58.4–88.8)	0.021^a
*Tumor site*
Extremities	30	70.2 (50.4–84.6)	0.571
Non-extremities	30	63.0 (43.3–79.2)	0.571
*Tumor size (cm)*
≤5	17	86.9 (59.6–96.7)	0.295
5<, < 10	25	62.1 (41.5–79.1)
≥10	18	55.2 (29.2–78.6)
*Previous surgery or trauma at the site of the primary tumor*
Yes	9	77.8 (42.1–94.4)	0.936
No	51	65.0 (49.9–91.7)	0.936
*Year of diagnosis*
1999–2009	48	65.1 (49.5–78.0)	0.750
2010–2018	12	75.0 (44.8–91.7)
*Biopsy*
Core needle biopsy	38	70.4 (52.8–83.5)	0.251
Open biopsy	22	60.6 (38.2–79.2)	0.251
*Adjuvant radiotherapy*
No	45	73.0 (57.2–84.5)	0.110
Yes	15	48.6 (23.8–74.1)
*Surgical margin*
R0	29	67.7 (48.4–82.4)	0.976
R1/2	31	66.4 (46.5–81.8)

^aStatistically significant. Macroscopic incomplete resection, R2; microscopic incomplete resection, R1; microscopic complete resection, R0

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