Changes in pain sensitivity and spinal stiffness in relation to responder status following spinal manipulative therapy in chronic low Back pain: a secondary explorative analysis of a randomized trial

Table 4 Between-group changes in pressure pain threshold for responder vs non-responders following SMT

Time	Improvement	ODI		NRS
Time	Improvement	Pain	Stiff	Pain	Stiff
Baseline	50%	96(−70:262)	−42(− 232:148)	75(− 124:275)	13(− 195:222)
	30%	56(− 96:209)	−71(− 232:91)	33(− 136:203)	17(− 143:176)
	0%	−37(− 226:152)	− 84(− 275:108)	− 39(− 217:140)	−75(− 255:105)
Post-SMT	50%	15(− 92:122)	74(− 56:204)	96(− 32:225)	79(− 57:215)
	30%	6(−92:105)	115 (10:220)*	69(−41:180)	11(−98:119)
	0%	−43(− 172:86)	108(−4:219)	61(−54:176)	32(− 86:150)
Follow-up	50%	73(−39:184)	54(−73:181)	147 (14:281)*	51(−86:187)
	30%	26(−74:126)	119 (12:226)*	121 (5:237)*	8(− 101:117)
	0%	−16(−142:110)	98(−17:213)	59(−60:177)	74(−43:191)

Between-group mean differences (responder vs non-responder) in pressure pain threshold (kPa) at varying thresholds for improvement in disability and patient-reported low back pain (0, 30, 50%) in groups randomized to SMT at the stiffest (‘stiff’) or most pain sensitive (‘pain’) segment (columns). Estimates are presented as between-group differences, 95% confidence interval, and “*” indicates a p-value < 0.05. ODI Oswestry disability index, NRS patient-reported low back pain

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