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Table 3 Changes for responders (NRS) in lumbar stiffness and pain sensitivity (mechanical and thermal) following SMT

From: Changes in pain sensitivity and spinal stiffness in relation to responder status following spinal manipulative therapy in chronic low Back pain: a secondary explorative analysis of a randomized trial

Time

Status

Threshold

GS

PPT

HPT

Pain

Stiff

Pain

Stiff

Pain

Stiff

Post-SMT

Responder

50%

−0.13(− 0.79:0.53)

−0.09(− 0.80:0.61)

179 (62:296)*

100(−25:225)

0.3(− 1.7:2.3)

0.9(− 1.1:3.0)

30%

−0.30(− 0.83:0.23)

−0.05(− 0.56:0.45)

151 (55:246)*

40(− 51:132)

−0.3(− 1.9:1.3)

0.9(− 0.6:2.4)

0%

0.01(−0.30:0.32)

− 0.09(− 0.41:0.23)

113 (57:169)*

41(− 17:98)

0.1(− 0.9:1.0)

0.3(− 0.6:1.3)

Non-Responder

50%

0.04(− 0.26:0.33)

0.05(− 0.25:0.35)

83 (31:135)*

21(− 32:74)

0.0(− 0.9:0.9)

0.2(− 0.7:1.1)

30%

0.12(− 0.20:0.44)

0.06(− 0.28:0.39)

81 (25:138)*

30(− 30:90)

0.1(− 0.8:1.1)

0.0(− 1.0:1.0)

0%

0.03(− 0.52:0.59)

0.40(− 0.16:0.97)

52(− 48:153)

9(− 94:112)

0.0(− 1.7:1.7)

0.3(− 1.5:2.0)

Follow-up

Responder

50%

− 0.31(− 0.99:0.38)

0.22(− 0.48:0.92)

214 (91:336)*

91(− 34:217)

0.1(−2.0:2.1)

0.8(− 1.4:2.9)

30%

− 0.24(− 0.80:0.32)

0.09(− 0.41:0.58)

182 (81:283)*

53(−36:142)

0.1(− 1.6:1.7)

1.1(− 0.4:2.7)

0%

0.08(− 0.24:0.40)

− 0.01(− 0.35:0.32)

103 (46:160)*

69 (8:130)*

0.5(− 0.4:1.5)

0.9(− 0.1:1.9)

Non-Responder

50%

0.15(− 0.16:0.45)

− 0.11(− 0.42:0.20)

66 (13:120)*

41(−15:96)

0.7(− 0.2:1.6)

0.8(− 0.2:1.7)

30%

0.18(− 0.14:0.50)

− 0.12(− 0.47:0.23)

61 (4:118)*

46(− 18:109)

0.8(− 0.2:1.7)

0.6(− 0.5:1.6)

0%

0.05(− 0.52:0.62)

−0.13(− 0.68:0.42)

45(− 59:149)

−5(− 105:95)

0.8(− 1.0:2.6)

0.5(−1.2:2.1)

  1. Mean changes in GS (N/mm), PPT (kPa) and HPT (degrees Celsius) in groups randomized to SMT at the stiffest (‘stiff’) or most pain-sensitive (‘pain’) segment (columns). Subgrouped (rows) by responder status are defined as 0, 30, and 50% improvement thresholds in patient-reported low back pain (NRS). Mean change refers to the difference in NRS between baseline and post-SMT, baseline, and follow-up, respectively, along with a 95% confidence interval. * = indicates a p-value < 0.05. SMT Spinal manipulative therapy, GS Global stiffness, PPT Pressure pain threshold, HPT Heat pain threshold, NRS Patient-reported low back pain