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Table 2 Changes for responders (ODI) in lumbar stiffness and pain sensitivity (mechanical and thermal) following SMT

From: Changes in pain sensitivity and spinal stiffness in relation to responder status following spinal manipulative therapy in chronic low Back pain: a secondary explorative analysis of a randomized trial

Time

Status

Threshold

GS

PPT

HPT

Pain

Stiff

Pain

Stiff

Pain

Stiff

Post-SMT

Responder

50%

− 0.20(− 0.70:0.31)

− 0.13(− 0.77:0.52)

110 (19:200)*

94(− 24:211)

0.6(− 0.9:2.0)

1.2(− 0.7:3.1)

30%

− 0.11(− 0.53:0.32)

− 0.13(− 0.61:0.34)

103 (27:178)*

109 (24:195)*

0.2(− 1.1:1.4)

1.1(− 0.3:2.5)

0%

−0.01(− 0.31:0.28)

−0.06(− 0.38:0.26)

92 (39:145)*

62 (4:120)*

0.2(− 0.7:1.1)

0.5(− 0.5:1.4)

Non-Responder

50%

0.10(−0.23:0.42)

0.06(−0.25:0.37)

95 (37:153)*

19(− 36:75)

− 0.2(− 1.1:0.8)

0.1(− 0.8:1.0)

30%

0.10(− 0.26:0.45)

0.11(− 0.24:0.45)

96 (34:159)*

−6(−67:55)

− 0.1(− 1.1:0.9)

−0.1(− 1.1:0.9)

0%

0.16(−0.48:0.80)

0.26(−0.26:0.79)

135 (17:253)*

− 45(− 141:50)

− 0.7(− 2.6:1.2)

0.0(− 1.6:1.5)

Follow-up

Responder

50%

− 0.22(− 0.74:0.30)

0.12(− 0.50:0.74)

143 (48:237)*

91(−22:204)

1.3(− 0.2:2.8)

1.1(− 0.9:3.1)

30%

0.04(− 0.40:0.47)

0.07(− 0.41:0.55)

105 (28:182)*

125 (40:211)*

1.1(− 0.2:2.4)

0.5(− 1.0:2.0)

0%

0.20 (0–0.10:0.51)

− 0.07(− 0.40:0.26)

87 (32:142)*

75 (15:135)*

0.9(− 0.0:1.8)

0.8(− 0.2:1.8)

Non-Responder

50%

0.19(−0.14:0.51)

− 0.10(− 0.42:0.22)

70 (11:128)*

38(− 21:96)

0.3(− 0.7:1.3)

0.7(− 0.3:1.6)

30%

0.10(− 0.26:0.46)

−0.12(− 0.48:0.24)

79 (15:143)*

6(− 57:70)

0.2(− 0.9:1.3)

0.9(− 0.2:2.0)

0%

− 0.44(− 1.06:0.18)

0.00(− 0.54:0.54)

103(− 10:217)

− 23(− 121:75)

−0.6(− 2.5:1.2)

0.7(− 0.9:2.3)

  1. Mean changes in GS (N/mm), PPT (kPa) and HPT (degrees Celsius) in groups randomized to SMT at the stiffest (‘stiff’) or most pain-sensitive (‘pain’) segment (columns). Subgrouped (rows) by responder status are defined as 0, 30, and 50% improvement thresholds in disability (ODI). Mean change refers to the difference in ODI between baseline and post-SMT, baseline, and follow-up, respectively, along with a 95% confidence interval. * = indicates a p-value < 0.05. SMT Spinal manipulative therapy, GS Global stiffness, PPT Pressure pain threshold, HPT Heat pain threshold, ODI Oswestry disability index