Associations of objectively measured total duration and maximum bout length of standing at work with lower-extremity pain intensity: a 2-year follow-up of construction and healthcare workers

Table 2 Associations between total duration of static and dynamic standing (per 100 min) and average LEPi during follow-up (Approach 1)

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
	Observations = 303/154/149			Observations = 297/153/144			Observations = 296/152/144			Observations = 293/151/142
	Coef.	95% CI	P-value	Coef.	95% CI	P-value	Coef.	95% CI	P-value	Coef.	95% CI	P-value
Static standing
All workers	0.46	−0.03,0.94	0.064	0.58	0.07,1.09	0.027	0.52	0.002,1.04	0.049	0.48	−0.06,1.02	0.079
Construction	0.63	0.05,1.21	0.033	0.68	0.10,1.26	0.022	0.63	0.01,1.25	0.045	0.52	−0.10,1.14	0.101
Healthcare	0.41	−0.49,1.31	0.369	0.37	−0.58,1.31	0.445	0.33	−0.58,1.24	0.478	0.22	−0.74,1.18	0.650
Dynamic standing
All workers	0.33	0.01,0.65	0.046	0.43	0.08,0.74	0.017	0.38	0.02,0.75	0.040	0.36	−0.01,0.73	0.056
Construction	0.38	0.00,0.76	0.050	0.42	0.03,0.80	0.033	0.42	−0.002,0.83	0.051	0.29	−0.16,0.74	0.205
Healthcare	0.46	−0.18,1.11	0.156	0.45	−0.23,1.13	0.196	0.40	−0.27,1.06	0.242	0.27	−0.42,0.96	0.266

Observations: total observations included in linear mixed models for all workers/construction/healthcare
Dependent variable: the average pain intensity from 6 months to 24 months follow-up (T2, T3, T4, T5)
Independent variables:
Model 1: Static standing and dynamic standing (minutes per workday)
Model 2: As model 1 + Age, Gender, Smoking, BMI
Model 3: As model 2 + Heavy lifting, Kneeling
Model 4: As model 3 + Social climate, Decision control, Fair leadership, Empowering leadership

ISSN: 1471-2474