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Table 3 Humerus shaft fractures among infants born in Sweden 1997 to 2014, birth-related (n = 188) and later (n = 142) by maternal, birth, and child characteristics, other fractures, and diagnoses

From: The epidemiology of infant shaft fractures of femur or humerus by incidence, birth, accidents, and other causes

 

Population (n = 908,324)

Humerus shaft fracture

Birth-related (n = 188)

Later Age in months

< 6 (n = 96)

6 to 12 (n = 46)

n (%)

n (%)

p value*

n (%)

p value*

n (%)

p value*

Mother

 Obesity

302,623 (37)

81a (47)

.007

46 (54)

.001

21 (46)

.285

 Preeclampsia

28,968 (3.2)

9 (5)

.205

4 (4)

.550

3 (7)

.177

Birth

 Dystocic labor

107,215 (11.8)

43 (23)

.000

12 (13)

.753

8 (17)

.249

 Shoulder dystocia

2005 (0.2)

69 (37)

.000

16 (17)

.000

0

 

 Cesarean section

161,554 (18)

35 (19)

.782

25 (26)

.040

12 (26)

.174

 Vacuum

69,101 (8)

47 (25)

.000

10 (10)

.331

2 (4)

.581

 Forceps

2473 (0.3)

1 (0.5)

.401

1 (1)

.230

0

 

Child

 Boy

469,339 (52)

123 (66)

.000

58 (60)

.106

25 (54)

.831

 Multiple birth

26,645 (2.9)

13 (7)

.004

4 (4)

.369

5 (11)

.011

 Breech

34,007 (3.3)

18 (10)

.000

5 (5)

.412

5 (11)

.028

 Preterm

56,533 (6.2)

24 (13)

.001

9 (9)

.201

2 (4)

1.0

 SGAb (< 10th percentile)

94,244 (10.4)

16 (9)

.541

14 (15)

.181

9 (20)

.052

 SGAb (<  2.5th percentile)

20,566 (2.3)

3 (2)

.802

3 (3)

.478

4 (10)

.015

 LGAc (>  2.5th percentile)

32,141 (3.7)

50 (29)

.000

13 (14)

.001

0

 

 Birth weight > 4000 g

169,479 (19)

82 (44)

.000

32 (33)

.000

4 (9)

.089

 Injury of brachial plexus

1969 (0.1)

45 (24)

.000

17d (18)

.000

0

 

Other diagnosis during infancy

 Osteogenesis imperfecta

76 (0.004)e

1 (0.5)

.017

3 (3)

.000

4f (9)

.000

 Rickets or VDDg

261 (0.01)e

1 (0.5)

.052

1 (1)

.000

0

 

 Maltreatment

1347 (0.07)e

0

 

12h (14)

.000

2i (4)

.000

  1. * Fisher’s test
  2. a17 missing BMI, bSmall-for-gestational age, cLarge-for-gestational age, d No reported accident (n = 8), ePer 1,855,267, fEntry in the Register of Children and Young Persons Subjected to Child Welfare Measures (n = 1) in connection with the fracture and OI diagnosis 21 days after the fracture, gVitamin D deficiency, hMaltreatment diagnosis (n = 9), entry in the Register of Children and Young Persons Subjected to Child Welfare Measures (n = 3); other diagnoses: subdural hemorrhage (n = 1), retinal hemorrhage (n = 1), rib fractures (n = 2), skull fractures (n = 1), iMaltreatment diagnosis (n = 2), entry only in the Register of Children and Young Persons Subjected to Child Welfare Measures (n = 0)