| Pre | Post | Paired t-test | Reliability | Healthy group | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | p value | diff | SEM | Mean (SD) | ||
Walking | ||||||
 Pelvis SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 59.4 (25.8) | 65.7 (29.1) | 0.59 | 6.3 | 17.4 | 81.8 (33.6) |
  Frontal | 59.2 (26.7) | 71.1 (32.8) | 0.133 | 11.9 | 8.8 | 107.9 (38.5) |
  Transverse | 58.7 (17.3) | 61.8 (23.8) | 0.152 | 3.1 | 7.8 | 89.9 (31.8) |
 Hip SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 191.5 (63.8) | 245.7 (46.6) | 0.002 | 54.2 | 29.7 | 316.3 (85.6) |
  Frontal | 137.0 (55.1) | 166.4 (80.6) | 0.233 | 29.4 | 27.6 | 131.1 (43.2) |
  Transverse | 180.7 (69.2) | 226.4 (105.6) | 0.002 | 45.7 | 34.9 | 197.4 (61.6) |
 Knee SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 518.5 (179.1) | 593.3 (97.4) | 0.244 | 75.1 | 64.1 | 655.2 (133.3) |
 Ankle SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 316.8 (129.1) | 364.5 (104.8) | 0.138 | 47.7 | 66 | 394.5 (106.9) |
Upstairs | ||||||
 Pelvis SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 65.2 (27.2) | 65.2 (25.2) | 0.997 | 0 | 7.2 | 53.6 (14.4) |
  Frontal | 59.3 (22.3) | 73.4 (25.5) | 0.646 | 14 | 19.1 | 59.5 (26.0) |
  Transverse | 79.8 (22.4) | 83.4 (22.0) | 0.035 | 3.6 | 12.9 | 53.7 (21.8) |
 Hip SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 251.1 (45.2) | 278.7 (53.1) | 0.349 | 27.6 | 12.6 | 272.2 (40.9) |
  Frontal | 138.5 (48.9) | 156.5 (37.8) | 0.215 | 18 | 21.2 | 103.7 (50.7) |
  Transverse | 205.5 (73.5) | 226.2 (78.8) | 0.074 | 20.6 | 26.4 | 158.7 (65.9) |
 Knee SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 436.1 (109.9) | 492.6 (81.1) | 0.638 | 56.6 | 44.2 | 521.6 (125.5) |
 Ankle SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 354.5 (93.5) | 340.3 (101.3) | 0.08 | −14.2 | 24.1 | 362.1 (120.7) |
Downstairs | ||||||
 Pelvis SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 70.7 (30.3) | 92.9 (40.6) | 0.137 | 22.2 | 11.1 | 93.2 (50.8) |
  Frontal | 76.6 (39.0) | 83.1 (30.1) | 0.542 | 6.5 | 15.4 | 92.2 (37.5) |
  Transverse | 101.0 (33.9) | 114.0 (24.9) | 0.19 | 13 | 16.7 | 84.7 (27.7) |
 Hip SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 172.7 (55.3) | 221.9 (64.4) | 0.063 | 49.2 | 40.6 | 245.1 (89.1) |
  Frontal | 109.3 (36.3) | 163.0 (63.0) | 0.015 | 53.7 | 15.9 | 109.2 (39.4) |
  Transverse | 192.2 (85.1) | 229.3 (79.4) | 0.158 | 37.1 | 57.9 | 219.1 (69.4) |
 Knee SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 407.0 (139.0) | 501.4 (93.9) | 0.018 | 94.5 | 37.3 | 567.9 (145.6) |
 Ankle SPEED (°/s) | ||||||
  Sagittal | 414.0 (137.7) | 462.7 (123.7) | 0.232 | 48.7 | 39.8 | 512.4 (117.4) |