Table 1 Characteristics of patients
| Number of patients, n (%) | 268 |
| Male | 56 (20.8) |
| Female | 212 (79.2) |
| Mean age, y | 74.1 |
| Levels of vertebrae, n | 295 |
| Cortical disruption, n (%) | |
| Upper endplate | 189 (64.1) |
| Lower endplate | 30 (10.2) |
| Anterior wall | 79 (26.8) |
| Posterior wall | 7 (2.4) |
|
Number of treated vertebrae Per session, n (%) | |
| 1 | 240 (89.6) |
| 2 | 27 (10.1) |
| 3 | 1 (0.4) |
| Surgery method, n (%) | |
| PKP | 198 (67.1) |
| PVP | 97 (32.9) |
| Preoperative IVC, n (%) | 68 (23.1) |
| Total cement leakage, n (%) | 96 (32.5) |
| Vein leakage | 22 (7.5) |
| Intradiscal leakage | 44 (14.9) |
| Perivertebral soft tissue leakage | 35 (11.9) |
| Spinal canal leakage | 8 (2.7) |