From: Bone phenotypes in rheumatology – there is more to bone than just bone
Biomarker | Disease levels compared to healthy | Findings | References |
---|---|---|---|
Bone turnover | |||
CTX-I | – | Increased in endotype subpopulation | [83] |
αCTX | – | Associated with increased bone turnover, and progression of disease (JSN, osteophytes) in OA patients | [84] |
C1M | Increased | Increased in total joint replacement subpopulation | [85] |
TRACP | – | Associated with subchondral osteoclast number and pain in symptomatic knee OA | [86] |
Cartilage turnover | |||
CTX-II | Increased | Correlated with KL grade, bone marrow lesions, osteophytes. Associated with incidence and radiographic progression of OA | |
C2M | Increased | Associated with KL grade | [95] |
Coll2–1 | Increased | Proposed association with progression of OA | [96] |
C2C | Increased | – | |
PIIANP | – | Associated with progression of knee OA. Negatively associated with disease burden in knee and hip OA | |
PIIBNP | Decreased | – | [100] |
ARGS | Increased | – | [101] |
COMP | – | Associated with incidence and progression of OA |