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Table 2 Mean and standard deviation of absolute and normalized values for each investigated variable. There was no significant difference between groups for all investigated variable except for the normalized stiffness

From: Variable fixation promotes callus formation: an experimental study on transverse tibial osteotomies stabilized with locking plates

Absolute values

LS

VFLS3

VFLS6

Anova

VFLS3/LS

VFLS6/ LS

VFLS6/VFLS3

Stiffness [Nm/degree]

4.9 ± 0.5

4.4 ± 0.4

5.4 ± 1.3

n.s.

−10.2%

10.2%

22.7%

Yield point [Nm]

36.2 ± 10.4

37.3 ± 6.9

38.4 ± 11.6

n.s.

3.0%

6.1%

2.9%

Ultimate strength [Nm]

40.1 ± 9.9

44.3 ± 10.0

42.3 ± 12.6

n.s.

10.5%

5.5%

−4.5%

Rot. to failure [degree]

10.2 ± 1.6

11.1 ± 2.3

10.0 ± 1.7

n.s.

8.8%

−2.0%

−9.9%

En. to failure [Nm*deg]

253.2 ± 85.2

285.7 ± 127.4

265.2 ± 93.1

n.s.

12.8%

4.7%

−7.2%

Normalized values

LS

VFLS3

VFLS6

Anova

VFLS3/LS

VFLS6/LS

VFLS6/VFLS3

Stiffness [%]

89.9 ± 8.4

74.2 ± 9.7

91.1 ± 13.0

p = 0.025

−17.5%

1.3%

22.8% (p = 0.036)

Yield point [%]

63.8 ± 25.9

71.7 ± 24.7

64.2 ± 27.8

n.s.

12.4%

0.6%

−10.5%

Ultimate strength [%]

54.9 ± 11.3

61.3 ± 13.7

58.2 ± 13.4

n.s.

11.7%

6.0%

−5.1%

Rot. to failure [%]

69.3 ± 7.9

79.5 ± 13.9

71.4 ± 8.7

n.s.

14.7%

3.0%

−10.2%

Energy to failure [%]

43.0 ± 10.8

54.7 ± 24.3

47.2 ± 16.2

n.s.

27.2%

9.8%

−13.7%