Variable
|
Control group (30 patients)
|
i.v. group (30 patients)
|
Topical group (30 patients)
|
P value (between groups)
|
---|
Patient characteristics
|
Age (yr)
|
44.6 ± 6.7
|
43.8 ± 5.5
|
45.1 ± 6.3
|
0.715a
|
Gender (male/female)
|
24/6
|
25/5
|
28/2
|
0.311b
|
BMI
|
23.1 ± 1.4
|
22.9 ± 1.5
|
23.2 ± 1.7
|
0.745a
|
Medical history
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1.000b
|
Hypertension
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
0.585b
|
Arrhythmia
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
0.809b
|
ASA score
|
I
|
24
|
24
|
23
|
0.966b
|
II
|
4
|
5
|
5
|
III
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
Schatzker type
|
V
|
14
|
17
|
11
|
0.300b
|
VI
|
16
|
13
|
19
|
Preoperative blood tests
|
Hb (g/dL)
|
12.7 ± 1.0
|
12.8 ± 0.9
|
13.1 ± 1.4
|
0.360a
|
Hct (%)
|
39.2 ± 2.7
|
39.1 ± 2.1
|
40.1 ± 3.1
|
0.283 a
|
D-dimer (mg/L)
|
6.3 ± 1.2
|
6.7 ± 1.7
|
6.1 ± 0.8
|
0.191 a
|
FIB (g/L)
|
4.6 ± 1.1
|
5.2 ± 1.5
|
4.8 ± 1.2
|
0.172 a
|
- Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, Hb Hemoglobin, Hct Hematocrit, FIB fibrinogen
- Intergroup comparisons performed using ANOVA or Chi-square test (aANOVA; bChi-square test)