Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessing factors associated with the occurrence of Back pain in a representative sample of 8000 Italian workers
Variable | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
Sex | ||
 Male | ref |  |
 Female | 1.45 | 1.31–1.61 |
Age | ||
 19–24 | 0.68 | 0.54–0.87 |
 25–34 | 0.94 | 0.82–1.08 |
 35–44 | ref |  |
 45–54 | 1.01 | 0.89–1.14 |
 55–64 | 1.32 | 1.13–1.55 |
Educational level | ||
 Lower secondary | ref |  |
 Upper secondary | 0.78 | 0.68–0.88 |
 Graduate and post graduate | 0.71 | 0.61–0.83 |
BMI | ||
 Underweight | 1.06 | 0.76–1.48 |
 Normal | ref |  |
 Overweight | 1.25 | 1.12–1.39 |
 Obese | 1.29 | 1.08–1.55 |
Biomechanical and Ergonomic risk | ||
 No Risk Perceived/No Risk Detected | ref |  |
 Risk Perceived /Risk Detected | 1.91 | 1.62–2.24 |
 No Risk Perceived/Risk Detected | 1.04 | 0.85–1.27 |
 Risk Perceived /No Risk Detected | 1.63 | 1.46–1.82 |
Video Display Terminal risk | ||
 No Risk Perceived/No Risk Detected | ref |  |
 Risk Perceived /Risk Detected | 0.97 | 0.86–1.11 |
 No Risk Perceived/Risk Detected | 0.67 | 0.55–0.81 |
 Risk Perceived /No Risk Detected | 0.95 | 0.84–1.08 |
Work-related stress | ||
 Low | ref |  |
 Moderate | 1.44 | 1.26–1.64 |
 High | 1.50 | 1.30–1.74 |
 Very high | 2.03 | 1.75–2.36 |
Anxiety | ||
 No | ref |  |
 Yes | 1.50 | 1.31–1.73 |
Insomnia | ||
 No | ref |  |
 Yes | 1.78 | 1.59–2.00 |
Training on health and safety at work | ||
 Yes | 0.84 | 0.75–0.94 |
 No | ref |  |