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Table 2 Exposure profiles for assistive devices

From: Physical exposure during patient transfer and risk of back injury & low-back pain: prospective cohort study

Assistive device

Index

EMG

Forward flexion

Lateral flexion

No assistive device

1

1

1

1

Hospital bed

0.8600

0.9211

0.5492

1.0486

Intelligent bed

0.8246

0.8566

0.6792

0.9060

Bed sheet

1.0289

1.0968

1.0065

0.9155

Walking aids

1.0200

0.9892

1.0440

1.0573

Masterturner

0.8582

0.9606

0.7903

0.7215

Sliding sheet

1.0109

1.0860

1.0455

0.8259

Ceiling-lift

0.7762

0.8602

0.6123

0.7721

Sliding board

1.0264

1.2007

1.0788

0.6253

Standing aids

0.8517

0.9283

0.8372

0.7130

  1. Exposure profiles based on the weighted contribution of EMG, forward- and lateral flexion values obtained during full-day field measurements of patient transfers performed in hospitals [34]